{"id":8940,"date":"2026-07-29T11:47:11","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T11:47:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940"},"modified":"2026-07-29T12:13:01","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T12:13:01","slug":"tumeurs-appendiculaireshors-tne","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940","title":{"rendered":"Tumeurs appendiculaires(hors TNE)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8940\" class=\"elementor elementor-8940\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a664abd elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"a664abd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e5d8aa\" data-id=\"4e5d8aa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e2bac8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8e2bac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1408\" height=\"704\" src=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-8980\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3.jpg 1408w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3-300x150.jpg 300w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3-1024x512.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3-768x384.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1408px) 100vw, 1408px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9eb3ea0 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"9eb3ea0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b8b02a\" data-id=\"3b8b02a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24f86b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24f86b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Tumeurs appendiculaires (hors TNE)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d19efc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"0d19efc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2270f6e\" data-id=\"2270f6e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2987170\" data-id=\"2987170\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d046e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7d046e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1070\" height=\"1070\" src=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/enseignant001.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5216\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/enseignant001.jpg 1070w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/enseignant001-300x300.jpg 300w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/enseignant001-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/enseignant001-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/enseignant001-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1070px) 100vw, 1070px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e1f0b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e1f0b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr C\u00e9cile Dupont<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5e66ca elementor-shape-rounded elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"c5e66ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-hm-envelop elementor-repeater-item-8ef4679\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Hm-envelop<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"hm hm-envelop\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-repeater-item-33f156f\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3cf1122\" data-id=\"3cf1122\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5892014 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5892014\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1070\" height=\"1070\" src=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IdentBSV5.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-7030\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IdentBSV5.jpg 1070w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IdentBSV5-300x300.jpg 300w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IdentBSV5-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IdentBSV5-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IdentBSV5-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1070px) 100vw, 1070px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bc707c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7bc707c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr Pierre durand<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc477fb elementor-shape-rounded elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"bc477fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-hm-envelop elementor-repeater-item-8ef4679\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Hm-envelop<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"hm hm-envelop\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-c3ba047\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Youtube<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-youtube\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-repeater-item-b144531\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-984eae6\" data-id=\"984eae6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad6f433 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"ad6f433\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-942cfc9\" data-id=\"942cfc9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c57fddd elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c57fddd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">FICHE-SYNTH\u00c8SE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5edf3cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"5edf3cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bba7f8c\" data-id=\"bba7f8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699f591 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"699f591\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\"><p>Les tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales appendiculaires sont rares (0,9 \u00e0 1,4 % des pi\u00e8ces d&#8217;appendicectomie ; les n\u00e9oplasies neuroendocrines, trait\u00e9es \u00e0 part, en repr\u00e9sentent 95 %).<\/p><p>Souvent asymptomatiques ou r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es par des douleurs abdominales, une masse ou une perte de poids, elles sont le plus souvent d\u00e9couvertes fortuitement sur la pi\u00e8ce op\u00e9ratoire (\u2248 2\/3 des cas). Leur enjeu majeur est le risque de pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al (PMP) en cas de tumeur mucineuse perfor\u00e9e. On note une forte association aux n\u00e9oplasies colorectales (polypes coliques dans 44 % des cas).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Anatomopathologie<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\"><p>La classification PSOGI 2016 distingue : les l\u00e9sions pr\u00e9curseurs (polypes hyperplasiques, ad\u00e9nomes dentel\u00e9s) ; les n\u00e9oplasies mucineuses de bas grade (<strong>LAMN<\/strong>) et de haut grade (<strong>HAMN<\/strong>) ; les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux (\u00b1 cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton), non mucineux (type colorectal) ; et le <strong>goblet cell adenocarcinoma<\/strong> (tumeur mixte \u00e0 comportement agressif).<\/p><p>Un point cl\u00e9 de la mise \u00e0 jour 2026 : le corrigendum OMS 2021 a remplac\u00e9 la d\u00e9signation \u00ab borderline \u00bb par \u00ab in situ \u00bb ; LAMN et HAMN sont d\u00e9sormais des tumeurs malignes in situ ou invasives. La totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice doit \u00eatre analys\u00e9e, et une relecture RENAPATH est recommand\u00e9e en cas de doute.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Bilan<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\"><p>Une TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne inject\u00e9e est le seul examen recommand\u00e9 (grade A), compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par une coloscopie. L&#8217;IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale est une option (grade C), utile pour les tumeurs mucineuses. La TEP-FDG n&#8217;a pas de place. Les marqueurs (ACE, CA-125, CA-19-9) ont un apport modeste, surtout au suivi.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Traitement chirurgical. <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\"><p>Il est la base du traitement curatif. Tout appendice distendu doit \u00eatre manipul\u00e9 avec pr\u00e9caution (\u00e9viter la rupture), avec cytologie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale et extraction prot\u00e9g\u00e9e. La colectomie droite avec curage (\u2265 12 ganglions) s&#8217;impose pour les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux et le goblet cell adenocarcinoma.<\/p><p><strong>Nouveaut\u00e9 2026<\/strong> : pour une HAMN non perfor\u00e9e et confirm\u00e9e par RENAPATH, la colectomie droite n&#8217;est plus indiqu\u00e9e (surveillance). En cas d&#8217;atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale, une chirurgie de cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te (CCR) suivie de CHIP est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en centre expert. Les protocoles de CHIP recommand\u00e9s associent cisplatine et mitomycine C (90 min, 41 \u00b0C) ; alternatives : mitomycine C seule ou oxaliplatine. Une strat\u00e9gie \u00ab wait and see \u00bb est envisageable pour les tumeurs de bas grade \u00e0 envahissement minimal, surtout chez les jeunes femmes.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e2328c6\" data-id=\"e2328c6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77c08ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"77c08ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1251\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1251\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Traitement m\u00e9dical. <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1251\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1251\"><p>R\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux formes agressives, il repose sur des chimioth\u00e9rapies \u00e0 base de 5FU (FOLFOX-4), \u00b1 bevacizumab. En maladie non r\u00e9s\u00e9cable, le <strong>palbociclib<\/strong> est une option si mutation GNAS (premi\u00e8re cible sp\u00e9cifique identifi\u00e9e). Les donn\u00e9es sur la chimioth\u00e9rapie p\u00e9ri-op\u00e9ratoire restent discordantes.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1252\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1252\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Surveillance. <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1252\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1252\"><p>TDM tous les 3 \u00e0 6 mois pendant 2 ans, puis annuelle 5 ans ; IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale en centre expert pour les formes mucineuses. Toute situation complexe doit \u00eatre discut\u00e9e en RCP RENAPE.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1253\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1253\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00c0 retenir <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1253\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1253\"><p>Analyse compl\u00e8te de l&#8217;appendice, relecture RENAPATH, d\u00e9sescalade pour la HAMN non perfor\u00e9e, CCR + CHIP en centre expert pour l&#8217;atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6d20d9b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"6d20d9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b201de7\" data-id=\"b201de7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59043ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"59043ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1112\" src=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/illustration-faq-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-8469\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/illustration-faq-2.jpg 2048w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/illustration-faq-2-300x163.jpg 300w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/illustration-faq-2-1024x556.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/illustration-faq-2-768x417.jpg 768w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/illustration-faq-2-1536x834.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3c9c95b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"3c9c95b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-88ff1a3\" data-id=\"88ff1a3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a2d0f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2a2d0f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">FAQ<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-40411f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"40411f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f84210f\" data-id=\"f84210f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eadd88a elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"eadd88a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Qu'en est-il des tumeurs neuroendocrines ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2461\"><p>Les NNE repr\u00e9sentent \u00e0 elles seules environ 95 % des tumeurs d\u00e9couvertes sur pi\u00e8ce d&#8217;appendicectomie.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00c0 quelle fr\u00e9quence ces tumeurs sont-elles d\u00e9couvertes ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2462\"><p class=\"Pasdarriereplan\">Les tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales appendiculaires sont identifi\u00e9es dans 0,9 \u00e0 1,4 % des pi\u00e8ces d&#8217;appendicectomie. La mucoc\u00e8le appendiculaire est diagnostiqu\u00e9e chez 0,2 \u00e0 0,3 % des patients op\u00e9r\u00e9s. Le mode de d\u00e9couverte le plus fr\u00e9quent (environ 2\/3 des cas) reste la d\u00e9couverte fortuite sur pi\u00e8ce op\u00e9ratoire.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\"> Qu'est-ce qu'une LAMN et qu'est-ce qu'une HAMN ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2463\"><p>La LAMN est une n\u00e9oplasie mucineuse appendiculaire de bas grade : \u00e9pith\u00e9lium mucos\u00e9cr\u00e9tant bien diff\u00e9renci\u00e9, atypies de bas grade, extension expansive \u00ab pushing type \u00bb sans infiltration destructrice. La HAMN pr\u00e9sente la m\u00eame architecture mais avec des atypies cyto-nucl\u00e9aires de haut grade. Toutes deux peuvent, si perfor\u00e9es, \u00eatre \u00e0 l&#8217;origine d&#8217;un pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Quel est le changement majeur de terminologie apport\u00e9 par la mise \u00e0 jour 2026 ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2464\"><p>Le corrigendum de la classification OMS 2021 a remplac\u00e9 la d\u00e9signation initiale \u00ab borderline \u00bb par \u00ab in situ \u00bb pour les LAMN et HAMN. Depuis 2022, elles sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des tumeurs malignes in situ ou invasives, et non plus comme des l\u00e9sions de potentiel incertain.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Pourquoi la totalit\u00e9 de l'appendice doit-elle \u00eatre analys\u00e9e ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2465\"><p>Parce que le diagnostic de stade pTis (et donc les d\u00e9cisions de d\u00e9sescalade) n&#8217;est fiable qu&#8217;apr\u00e8s inclusion et analyse histologique de la totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice. C&#8217;est un accord d&#8217;experts formel. L&#8217;atteinte ou l&#8217;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de la base appendiculaire doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e, l&#8217;encrage de la section proximale aidant \u00e0 cette \u00e9valuation.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Quand faut-il demander une relecture RENAPATH ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2466\"><p>Une relecture par les anatomopathologistes du groupe RENAPATH (TENpath pour les tumeurs neuroendocrines) est propos\u00e9e en cas de doute diagnostique. Elle est particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9cisive pour la HAMN, car sa confirmation conditionne la d\u00e9sescalade chirurgicale (abandon de la colectomie droite).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2467\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2467\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Quel bilan d'imagerie initial est recommand\u00e9 ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2467\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2467\"><p>Une TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne avec injection de produit de contraste iod\u00e9 est le seul examen recommand\u00e9 pour le bilan (grade A). Une coloscopie compl\u00e8te est recommand\u00e9e pour exclure une seconde localisation. L&#8217;IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale est une option (grade C), utile surtout pour les tumeurs mucineuses.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2468\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2468\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Y a-t-il une place pour la TEP-FDG ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2468\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2468\"><p>Non, la 18FDG-TEP n&#8217;a aucune place dans le bilan de ces tumeurs, hormis pour caract\u00e9riser une l\u00e9sion extra-abdominale douteuse identifi\u00e9e en TDM (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2469\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2469\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Comment doit-on manipuler un appendice distendu \u00e9voquant un mucoc\u00e8le ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2469\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2469\"><p>Avec une extr\u00eame pr\u00e9caution, pour \u00e9viter toute extravasation de mucus ou rupture dans la cavit\u00e9 p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale. Il faut r\u00e9aliser une cytologie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale, une exploration compl\u00e8te quadrant par quadrant, et extraire la pi\u00e8ce dans un sac d&#8217;extraction sur la ligne m\u00e9diane (accords d&#8217;experts).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-24610\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"10\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-24610\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Dans quels cas la colectomie droite est-elle indiqu\u00e9e ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-24610\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"10\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-24610\"><p>Pour les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux (quel que soit le grade, avec ou sans cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton) et le goblet cell adenocarcinoma (grade C), avec anastomose il\u00e9o-colique, curage et pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement d&#8217;au moins 12 ganglions. Elle n&#8217;est pas indiqu\u00e9e pour les tumeurs de bas grade ni pour les PMP \u00e0 mucine acellulaire ou de bas grade.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-24611\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"11\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-24611\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Pourquoi la colectomie droite n'est-elle plus indiqu\u00e9e pour certaines HAMN ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-24611\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"11\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-24611\"><p>C&#8217;est la d\u00e9sescalade phare de 2026 : pour une HAMN non perfor\u00e9e et confirm\u00e9e apr\u00e8s relecture RENAPATH, la colectomie droite n&#8217;est plus indiqu\u00e9e (accord d&#8217;experts). L&#8217;\u00e9tude RENAPE\/RENAPATH sur 443 pi\u00e8ces de colectomie n&#8217;a retrouv\u00e9 aucun envahissement ganglionnaire en cas de HAMN (Dartigues et al. 2025).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e48d65e\" data-id=\"e48d65e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35567f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"35567f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Qu'est-ce que la CCR et la CHIP, et quand les proposer ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5591\"><p>La chirurgie de cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te (CCR) vise l&#8217;ex\u00e9r\u00e8se de toutes les l\u00e9sions macroscopiques ; la chimioth\u00e9rapie hyperthermique intrap\u00e9riton\u00e9ale (CHIP) n&#8217;est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e qu&#8217;en cas de cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te. Elles sont indiqu\u00e9es en cas d&#8217;atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale (grade B), en centre expert, et se discutent \u00ab en adjuvant \u00bb apr\u00e8s perforation tumorale ou r\u00e9section R2.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Quels sont les scores PCI et CC, et \u00e0 quoi servent-ils ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5592\"><table width=\"100%\"><tbody><tr><td width=\"696\"><p>Le score PCI (Peritoneal Cancer Index de Sugarbaker) quantifie l&#8217;\u00e9tendue de la carcinose en mesurant la taille des l\u00e9sions dans 13 r\u00e9gions abdomino-pelviennes. Le score CC quantifie la maladie r\u00e9siduelle apr\u00e8s cytor\u00e9duction : CC0 (aucun r\u00e9sidu), CC1 (&lt; 2,5 mm), CC2 (&gt; 2,5 mm), CC3 (&gt; 25 mm, en pratique jamais utilis\u00e9).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\"> Quels protocoles de CHIP sont recommand\u00e9s en 2026 ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5593\"><p>Le consensus international recommande l&#8217;association cisplatine (50\u201375 mg\/m\u00b2) + mitomycine C (15 mg\/m\u00b2), 90 minutes \u00e0 41 \u00b0C, en 1 ou 3 fractions (grade C). Les alternatives sont la mitomycine C seule (35 mg\/m\u00b2, 90 min, 41 \u00b0C, 3 fractions) ou l&#8217;oxaliplatine (200 mg\/m\u00b2, 40 \u00b0C, 120 min).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\"> Qu'est-ce que la strat\u00e9gie \u00ab wait and see \u00bb et pour qui ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5594\"><p>C&#8217;est une attitude expectative en centre expert, envisageable apr\u00e8s appendicectomie chez un patient pr\u00e9sentant un envahissement p\u00e9riton\u00e9al minimal ou de la mucine acellulaire r\u00e9s\u00e9qu\u00e9e, sp\u00e9cialement chez les jeunes femmes en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er. Des dosages initiaux normaux d&#8217;ACE, CA-125 et CA-19-9 aident \u00e0 s\u00e9lectionner ces patients.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Quel est le pronostic d'une tumeur mucineuse de bas grade ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5595\"><p>Il est favorable : survie globale de 80 % \u00e0 3 ans et 81 % \u00e0 5 ans, avec une \u00e9volution indolente par d\u00e9finition. Le principal facteur ind\u00e9pendant de mauvais pronostic est la r\u00e9section incompl\u00e8te ; en cas de R1\/R2, une reprise (c\u00e6cectomie) est recommand\u00e9e pour obtenir une r\u00e9section en zone saine.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Le goblet cell adenocarcinoma se comporte-t-il comme une tumeur b\u00e9nigne ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5596\"><p>Non. Son comportement et son pronostic sont proches de ceux des tumeurs mucineuses de haut grade et des ad\u00e9nocarcinomes non mucineux. Les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes d\u00e9riv\u00e9s d&#8217;un GCC sont encore plus agressifs (envahissement ganglionnaire 73 %, m\u00e9tastases p\u00e9riton\u00e9ales 60 %, survie m\u00e9diane 38 mois). Une h\u00e9micolectomie droite est requise.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5597\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5597\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\"> La chimioth\u00e9rapie n\u00e9oadjuvante am\u00e9liore-t-elle la survie ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5597\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5597\"><p>Les donn\u00e9es sont discordantes et de faible niveau de preuve. Plusieurs \u00e9tudes r\u00e9trospectives sugg\u00e8rent des survies plus faibles sous chimioth\u00e9rapie premi\u00e8re, probablement du fait d&#8217;un biais de s\u00e9lection (maladies plus agressives). Deux phases II montrent toutefois un PCI plus faible et davantage de r\u00e9sections CC0. Aucun essai randomis\u00e9 ne tranche.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5598\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5598\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Quelle est la nouvelle option m\u00e9dicale de 2026 pour la maladie non r\u00e9s\u00e9cable ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5598\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5598\"><p>Le palbociclib en cas de mutation GNAS (avis d&#8217;experts). Une \u00e9tude mono-bras sur 16 patients a montr\u00e9 une d\u00e9croissance de l&#8217;ACE chez 13 d&#8217;entre eux et 50 % de patients stables \u00e0 1 an. C&#8217;est la premi\u00e8re cible mol\u00e9culaire sp\u00e9cifique identifi\u00e9e dans les tumeurs mucineuses appendiculaires.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5599\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5599\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Comment surveiller un patient apr\u00e8s traitement ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5599\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5599\"><p>Par TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne tous les 3 \u00e0 6 mois pendant 2 ans, puis annuelle pendant 5 ans. Un suivi par IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale peut \u00eatre propos\u00e9 en centre expert (bas grade), et au moins annuel avec TDM thoracique pour les PMP de haut grade. Pas de dosage syst\u00e9matique de marqueurs, sauf pour les pseudomyxomes p\u00e9riton\u00e9aux.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1dfedec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"1dfedec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae928ae\" data-id=\"ae928ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9419b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e9419b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">FAIRE \/ NE PAS FAIRE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9ba44eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"9ba44eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea8ebf3\" data-id=\"ea8ebf3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65db11a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65db11a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table width=\"100%\"><thead><tr><td width=\"348\"><h3><span style=\"color: #005780;\"><strong>FAIRE<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>1. <\/strong>Soumettre la totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice \u00e0 l&#8217;examen histologique.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>2. <\/strong>Demander une relecture RENAPATH en cas de doute, notamment pour confirmer une HAMN.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>3. <\/strong>Adopter la classification PSOGI 2016 pour toutes les tumeurs appendiculaires.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>4. <\/strong>Manipuler tout appendice distendu avec une extr\u00eame pr\u00e9caution.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>5. <\/strong>R\u00e9aliser une cytologie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale et une exploration compl\u00e8te quadrant par quadrant.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>6. <\/strong>Extraire la pi\u00e8ce dans un sac d&#8217;extraction, sur la ligne m\u00e9diane.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>7. <\/strong>R\u00e9aliser une TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne inject\u00e9e en premi\u00e8re intention.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>8. <\/strong>Compl\u00e9ter le bilan par une coloscopie \u00e0 la recherche d&#8217;une seconde localisation.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>9. <\/strong>Pr\u00e9lever au moins 12 ganglions lors d&#8217;une colectomie droite.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>10. <\/strong>Confirmer qu&#8217;une HAMN est non perfor\u00e9e avant de renoncer \u00e0 la colectomie droite.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>11. <\/strong>R\u00e9server la colectomie droite aux ad\u00e9nocarcinomes et au goblet cell adenocarcinoma.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>12. <\/strong>Adresser toute atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale \u00e0 un centre expert RENAPE pour CCR + CHIP.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>13. <\/strong>\u00c9tablir et consigner le score PCI de Sugarbaker dans le compte-rendu op\u00e9ratoire.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>14. <\/strong>Limiter les gestes \u00e0 une biopsie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale pour confirmer le diagnostic.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>15. <\/strong>\u00c9viter les biopsies des coupoles diaphragmatiques.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>16. <\/strong>Envisager une strat\u00e9gie \u00ab wait and see \u00bb chez les jeunes femmes en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>17. <\/strong>R\u00e9server la chimioth\u00e9rapie syst\u00e9mique aux formes agressives (peu diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es, bague \u00e0 chaton).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>18. <\/strong>Rechercher une mutation GNAS pour discuter le palbociclib en maladie non r\u00e9s\u00e9cable.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>19. <\/strong>Discuter chaque situation complexe en RCP RENAPE sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>20. <\/strong>Assurer une surveillance TDM structur\u00e9e (3\u20136 mois pendant 2 ans, puis annuelle 5 ans).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>21. <\/strong>Consid\u00e9rer le grade de la maladie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale comme d\u00e9terminant pour la prise en charge.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a429d17\" data-id=\"a429d17\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b149b28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b149b28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table width=\"100%\"><thead><tr><td width=\"348\"><h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>NE PAS FAIRE<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>1. <\/strong>Se contenter d&#8217;\u00e9chantillons partiels : le diagnostic de stade pTis en d\u00e9pend.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>2. <\/strong>D\u00e9cider seul d&#8217;une chirurgie lourde sans confirmation experte de l&#8217;histologie.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>3. <\/strong>M\u00e9langer des terminologies obsol\u00e8tes ou contradictoires dans le compte-rendu.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>4. <\/strong>Provoquer une rupture ou une extravasation de mucus dans le p\u00e9ritoine.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>5. <\/strong>N\u00e9gliger l&#8217;exploration p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale sous pr\u00e9texte d&#8217;une imagerie normale.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>6. <\/strong>Extraire la pi\u00e8ce sans protection, au risque d&#8217;un ensemencement pari\u00e9tal.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>7. <\/strong>Prescrire une 18FDG-TEP en routine : elle n&#8217;a pas de place ici.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>8. <\/strong>Oublier le c\u00f4lon alors que l&#8217;incidence de n\u00e9oplasie colorectale associ\u00e9e est \u00e9lev\u00e9e.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>9. <\/strong>Se satisfaire d&#8217;un curage insuffisant qui sous-stadifie la maladie.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>10. <\/strong>R\u00e9aliser une colectomie droite syst\u00e9matique pour une HAMN non perfor\u00e9e confirm\u00e9e.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>11. <\/strong>Op\u00e9rer d&#8217;une colectomie droite une tumeur de bas grade ou un PMP acellulaire.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>12. <\/strong>Tenter une cytor\u00e9duction complexe hors d&#8217;un centre sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>13. <\/strong>Omettre de d\u00e9crire pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l&#8217;atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale et son sch\u00e9ma.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>14. <\/strong>Entreprendre des ex\u00e9r\u00e8ses larges non planifi\u00e9es lors de la d\u00e9couverte per-op\u00e9ratoire.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>15. <\/strong>Biopsier le diaphragme au risque d&#8217;une perforation pleurale et d&#8217;une diss\u00e9mination.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>16. <\/strong>Imposer une chirurgie radicale imm\u00e9diate \u00e0 une maladie de bas grade tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9e.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>17. <\/strong>Administrer une chimioth\u00e9rapie de principe \u00e0 une tumeur mucineuse de bas grade.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>18. <\/strong>Ignorer le profil mol\u00e9culaire alors qu&#8217;une cible sp\u00e9cifique existe d\u00e9sormais.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>19. <\/strong>Prendre des d\u00e9cisions th\u00e9rapeutiques isol\u00e9es pour ces tumeurs rares.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>20. <\/strong>Doser syst\u00e9matiquement les marqueurs tumoraux hors pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"348\"><p><strong>21. <\/strong>Se fier uniquement au grade de la tumeur primitive en cas de discordance.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c3af9b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"2c3af9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c0fe09\" data-id=\"8c0fe09\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a6bf67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9a6bf67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Illustration-dilemme-bibliographie-1-enhanced-enhanced.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6910\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Illustration-dilemme-bibliographie-1-enhanced-enhanced.png 1920w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Illustration-dilemme-bibliographie-1-enhanced-enhanced-300x169.png 300w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Illustration-dilemme-bibliographie-1-enhanced-enhanced-1024x576.png 1024w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Illustration-dilemme-bibliographie-1-enhanced-enhanced-768x432.png 768w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Illustration-dilemme-bibliographie-1-enhanced-enhanced-1536x864.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f6d0591 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"f6d0591\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eaee370\" data-id=\"eaee370\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b233c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7b233c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">BIBLIOGRAPHIE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8051a04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"8051a04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-db7b842\" data-id=\"db7b842\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d4873f elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"0d4873f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Kusamura S, Bhatt A, Van der Speeten K, et al. Review of 2022 PSOGI\/RENAPE Consensus on HIPEC. Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2024;130:1290-1298.<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1391\"><h4>Contexte et objectif<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">La chimioth\u00e9rapie hyperthermique intrap\u00e9riton\u00e9ale (CHIP) reste une modalit\u00e9 th\u00e9rapeutique complexe, entrav\u00e9e par une tr\u00e8s forte h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 technique : diversit\u00e9 des agents cytotoxiques, des doses, des temp\u00e9ratures, des dur\u00e9es de perfusion et des m\u00e9thodes de d\u00e9livrance. Cette variabilit\u00e9 \u2014 plus de 60 protocoles diff\u00e9rents rien que pour les m\u00e9tastases p\u00e9riton\u00e9ales colorectales \u2014 g\u00e9n\u00e8re des r\u00e9sultats inconstants d&#8217;un centre \u00e0 l&#8217;autre, rend impossible la comparaison des donn\u00e9es et fragilise la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 m\u00eame de la m\u00e9thode. Le PSOGI (Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International) et le RENAPE (r\u00e9seau fran\u00e7ais des tumeurs rares du p\u00e9ritoine) ont donc entrepris d&#8217;harmoniser les pratiques mondiales en produisant des recommandations consensuelles fond\u00e9es sur les meilleures preuves disponibles et l&#8217;avis d&#8217;experts.<\/p><h4>M\u00e9thodologie<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">Le processus a repos\u00e9 sur une \u00e9valuation syst\u00e9matique de la litt\u00e9rature via le syst\u00e8me GRADE, une m\u00e9ta-analyse comparant chirurgie + CHIP versus chirurgie seule (essais randomis\u00e9s et non randomis\u00e9s), avec pour crit\u00e8res principaux la survie globale et la morbidit\u00e9 postop\u00e9ratoire s\u00e9v\u00e8re. Le consensus proprement dit a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tabli selon un processus Delphi en deux tours r\u00e9unissant plus de 140 experts internationaux, avec un taux de participation d&#8217;au moins 71 %. Une section distincte a recueilli l&#8217;opinion des experts pour les questions d\u00e9pourvues de preuves solides. L&#8217;article passe ensuite en revue chaque pathologie.<\/p><h4>Recommandations par pathologie<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\"><strong>Pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al (PMP).<\/strong> Quatre-vingt-quatre pour cent des pan\u00e9listes recommandent fortement la CHIP apr\u00e8s cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te. Les protocoles retenus associent cisplatine (75 mg\/m\u00b2) et mitomycine C (12,5 mg\/m\u00b2). Le protocole mitomycine C haute dose (35 mg\/m\u00b2, \u00ab Dutch protocol \u00bb) b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie aussi d&#8217;un fort soutien (89 %), malgr\u00e9 un profil de toxicit\u00e9 d\u00e9favorable. Le seul essai randomis\u00e9 disponible (Levine) comparait oxaliplatine et mitomycine C, avec des r\u00e9sultats similaires mais une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de vie sous oxaliplatine.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\"><strong>M\u00e9soth\u00e9liome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al (DMPM).<\/strong> Le cisplatine est la pierre angulaire, particuli\u00e8rement efficace associ\u00e9 au thiosulfate de sodium intraveineux pour pr\u00e9venir la n\u00e9phrotoxicit\u00e9. La combinaison cisplatine + doxorubicine \u00e9merge comme la plus efficace, offrant la meilleure survie \u00e0 long terme avec une toxicit\u00e9 ma\u00eetris\u00e9e ; elle est recommand\u00e9e en premi\u00e8re ligne apr\u00e8s cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te (cisplatine 50 mg\/m\u00b2 + doxorubicine 15 mg\/m\u00b2).<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\"><strong>Cancer \u00e9pith\u00e9lial de l&#8217;ovaire.<\/strong> L&#8217;essai OVHIPEC-1 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 un b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de survie du cisplatine ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 la cytor\u00e9duction d&#8217;intervalle, qui devient le r\u00e9gime pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. La CHIP n&#8217;est recommand\u00e9e en pratique qu&#8217;apr\u00e8s cytor\u00e9duction d&#8217;intervalle ; apr\u00e8s cytor\u00e9duction primaire ou en situation de r\u00e9cidive, elle reste r\u00e9serv\u00e9e aux essais cliniques. Le cisplatine est l&#8217;agent privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 (dur\u00e9e minimale 60 min, temp\u00e9rature minimale 41 \u00b0C).<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\"><strong>M\u00e9tastases p\u00e9riton\u00e9ales colorectales (PM-CRC).<\/strong> L&#8217;essai PRODIGE-7 n&#8217;a montr\u00e9 aucun b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de survie de la CHIP oxaliplatine haute dose et courte dur\u00e9e, avec davantage de complications. Il en r\u00e9sulte un consensus n\u00e9gatif fort contre ce protocole (55,7 %) et un basculement vers la CHIP \u00e0 base de mitomycine C (protocole hollandais : 35 mg\/m\u00b2, 90 min, 3 fractions), bien que les preuves de sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 restent limit\u00e9es. Les auteurs soulignent que l&#8217;\u00e9chec de PRODIGE-7 pourrait tenir \u00e0 la bri\u00e8vet\u00e9 de la perfusion et ne condamne pas d\u00e9finitivement l&#8217;oxaliplatine.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\"><strong>Cancer gastrique.<\/strong> Les donn\u00e9es pool\u00e9es sugg\u00e8rent un avantage de survie de la CHIP en situations prophylactique et curative (HR 0,52), sans surmorbidit\u00e9, mais avec un faible niveau de preuve. La combinaison cisplatine 75 mg\/m\u00b2 + mitomycine C 12,5 mg\/m\u00b2 est recommand\u00e9e. La prudence s&#8217;impose car les \u00e9tudes sont anciennes, ant\u00e9rieures aux traitements syst\u00e9miques modernes.<\/p><h4>Aspects technologiques<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">Le consensus privil\u00e9gie le syst\u00e8me ferm\u00e9 (temp\u00e9ratures plus stables, moindre contamination ; 82,3 % des experts), tout en laissant le choix au chirurgien. L&#8217;hyperthermie est fortement soutenue (d\u00e9bat entre 41-42 \u00b0C et 42-43 \u00b0C). Sont recommand\u00e9s : quatre cath\u00e9ters d&#8217;afflux, au moins trois sondes thermiques, un dosage en mg\/m\u00b2 avec un volume de perfusat de 2 L\/m\u00b2, des drains prophylactiques et un lavage abondant post-cytor\u00e9duction. Le tableau r\u00e9capitulatif fixe pour chaque drogue dose, fractionnement, dur\u00e9e, temp\u00e9rature et solution vectrice (par exemple mitomycine C 35 mg\/m\u00b2, 3 fractions, 90 min, 41-42 \u00b0C).<\/p><h4>Conclusion et port\u00e9e<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">La cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te reste la cl\u00e9 de vo\u00fbte du traitement ; la CHIP demeure une th\u00e9rapie adjuvante utile pour le PMP, le m\u00e9soth\u00e9liome, les cancers colorectal, ovarien et gastrique. Malgr\u00e9 des preuves souvent de faible niveau, ce consensus constitue une avanc\u00e9e majeure vers la standardisation, condition indispensable \u00e0 l&#8217;audit multicentrique et \u00e0 la recherche future. Les auteurs insistent sur l&#8217;apport prometteur des organo\u00efdes et du profilage mol\u00e9culaire pour l&#8217;optimisation \u00e0 venir des protocoles.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">Cet article est la source directe des protocoles de CHIP retenus dans le TNCD pour les tumeurs appendiculaires et le PMP (association cisplatine-mitomycine C, alternatives mitomycine C seule ou oxaliplatine.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-017c644\" data-id=\"017c644\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91d6e08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"91d6e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1521\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Dartigues P, Kepenekian V, Illac-Vauquelin C, et al. Insights into the Clinical Prognosis of High-grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms Am J Surg Pathol. 2025;49(5):499-507. (R\u00e9seau RENAPE)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1521\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1521\"><h4>Contexte et objectif<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">La n\u00e9oplasie mucineuse appendiculaire de haut grade (HAMN) d\u00e9signe une tumeur \u00e9pith\u00e9liale rare de l&#8217;appendice caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une invasion de type \u00ab pushing \u00bb (expansive, refoulante) et des atypies cyto-nucl\u00e9aires de haut grade, sans invasion destructrice. Son statut reste d\u00e9battu : l&#8217;AJCC (8\u1d49 et 9\u1d49 \u00e9ditions) recommande de la stadifier comme un ad\u00e9nocarcinome appendiculaire invasif, et non selon la cat\u00e9gorie pTis r\u00e9serv\u00e9e \u00e0 la LAMN, en supposant un risque de r\u00e9cidive et de diss\u00e9mination ganglionnaire sup\u00e9rieur. Cette hypoth\u00e8se a conduit \u00e0 traiter la HAMN par colectomie droite, comme l&#8217;ad\u00e9nocarcinome. Or les donn\u00e9es sont rares et contradictoires, et l&#8217;on ignore si une simple appendicectomie (comme pour la LAMN) ne suffirait pas. L&#8217;objectif de l&#8217;\u00e9tude \u00e9tait donc de comparer les caract\u00e9ristiques clinicopathologiques, le risque de m\u00e9tastases ganglionnaires et p\u00e9riton\u00e9ales, et le devenir \u00e0 long terme des patients HAMN par rapport aux LAMN et aux ad\u00e9nocarcinomes appendiculaires, tous trait\u00e9s par au moins une h\u00e9micolectomie droite avec curage.<\/p><h4>M\u00e9thodologie<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;une \u00e9tude multicentrique r\u00e9trospective issue du registre observationnel RENAPE, incluant 443 patients op\u00e9r\u00e9s entre 1995 et 2021 dans 32 institutions fran\u00e7aises : 246 LAMN, 34 HAMN et 163 ad\u00e9nocarcinomes appendiculaires. Tous avaient b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d&#8217;une colectomie droite avec curage ganglionnaire. La relecture histologique a \u00e9t\u00e9 assur\u00e9e par les pathologistes experts du groupe RENAPATH. La perforation appendiculaire (pT4a) \u00e9tait d\u00e9finie par l&#8217;atteinte de la s\u00e9reuse (mucine cellulaire ou acellulaire). Les m\u00e9tastases p\u00e9riton\u00e9ales \u00e9taient grad\u00e9es selon la classification OMS (grade 1 bas grade ; grades 2-3 haut grade avec ou sans cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton). \u00c9taient exclus notamment les goblet cell adenocarcinomas, les tumeurs neuroendocrines et les appendices non inclus en totalit\u00e9. Survie globale (OS) et survie sans progression (PFS) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 estim\u00e9es par Kaplan-Meier et compar\u00e9es par test du log-rank.<\/p><h4>R\u00e9sultats principaux<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">L&#8217;\u00e2ge m\u00e9dian \u00e9tait de 56,5 ans, avec une majorit\u00e9 de femmes (56,4 %). Les patients LAMN \u00e9taient plus jeunes.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\"><strong>Ganglions \u2014 le r\u00e9sultat central.<\/strong> Des m\u00e9tastases ganglionnaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es chez 17,8 % des ad\u00e9nocarcinomes (29\/163), mais <strong>chez aucun patient LAMN ni HAMN<\/strong> (0\/246 et 0\/34). Ce r\u00e9sultat est particuli\u00e8rement solide car tous les cas avaient b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d&#8217;un curage, avec en moyenne 14,8 ganglions analys\u00e9s dans le groupe HAMN.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\"><strong>Diss\u00e9mination p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale.<\/strong> La HAMN se comportait, sur ce plan, diff\u00e9remment de la LAMN : une proportion significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e de m\u00e9tastases p\u00e9riton\u00e9ales de haut grade (grade 2-3) \u00e9tait observ\u00e9e en cas de HAMN (63 %) et d&#8217;ad\u00e9nocarcinome, contre seulement 13 % pour la LAMN. Le grade de la tumeur primitive \u00e9tait donc corr\u00e9l\u00e9 au grade de la maladie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\"><strong>Survie selon la perforation \u2014 la distinction cl\u00e9.<\/strong> Chez les patients <strong>avec perforation<\/strong> (pT4a), la LAMN offrait une OS et une PFS sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 celles de la HAMN et de l&#8217;ad\u00e9nocarcinome ; la HAMN perfor\u00e9e se rapprochait alors du comportement de l&#8217;ad\u00e9nocarcinome (PFS m\u00e9diane 55,4 mois). En revanche, chez les patients <strong>sans perforation<\/strong>, LAMN et HAMN avaient une OS (P = 0,042) et une PFS (P = 0,012) significativement meilleures que l&#8217;ad\u00e9nocarcinome, avec un pronostic tr\u00e8s favorable et comparable entre elles.<\/p><h4>Discussion et implications<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">Ces r\u00e9sultats contredisent la position de l&#8217;AJCC. Ils sugg\u00e8rent que la <strong>HAMN non perfor\u00e9e a le m\u00eame comportement oncologique que la LAMN<\/strong>, et non celui de l&#8217;ad\u00e9nocarcinome, plaidant pour le maintien de la classification pTis et pour un traitement par appendicectomie seule. L&#8217;absence totale de m\u00e9tastase ganglionnaire, m\u00eame en cas de HAMN perfor\u00e9e, remet en question l&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eat d&#8217;une colectomie droite syst\u00e9matique. Les auteurs insistent sur un pr\u00e9alable indispensable : l&#8217;analyse de la totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice pour exclure formellement une invasion destructrice (desmoplasie, glandes infiltrantes) qui ferait requalifier la l\u00e9sion en ad\u00e9nocarcinome. En cas de HAMN perfor\u00e9e avec diss\u00e9mination p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale, le pronostic est plus d\u00e9favorable que la LAMN mais la maladie b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du traitement standard (cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te + CHIP).<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">Les limites tiennent au faible effectif de HAMN (n = 34), au caract\u00e8re r\u00e9trospectif, et au faible nombre de HAMN confin\u00e9es \u00e0 l&#8217;appendice (biais de s\u00e9lection).<\/p><h4>Port\u00e9e pour notre sujet<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">Cet article est la <strong>source directe de la d\u00e9sescalade th\u00e9rapeutique 2026 du TNCD<\/strong> : c&#8217;est lui qui justifie l&#8217;abandon de la colectomie droite syst\u00e9matique pour la HAMN non perfor\u00e9e confirm\u00e9e par RENAPATH, en apportant la premi\u00e8re d\u00e9monstration, sur une large s\u00e9rie avec curage exhaustif, de l&#8217;absence d&#8217;envahissement ganglionnaire.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad5f74e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"ad5f74e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b00d98\" data-id=\"9b00d98\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e773a7\" data-id=\"5e773a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7462dcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"7462dcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1221\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1221\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Weitz J, Nishizaki D, Liau J, et al. Inhibition as a Novel Therapy for Peritoneal Mucinous Carcinomatosis with GNAS Mutations. CDK4\/6 J Clin Oncol. 2025;43(6):705-715. <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1221\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1221\"><h4>Contexte et objectif<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">Les n\u00e9oplasies mucineuses du tube digestif , le plus souvent d&#8217;origine appendiculaire, ont une propension \u00e0 m\u00e9tastaser au p\u00e9ritoine, r\u00e9alisant une carcinose mucineuse p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale (PMC). Un sous-groupe porte des mutations de l&#8217;oncog\u00e8ne <strong>GNAS<\/strong>, fr\u00e9quemment associ\u00e9es \u00e0 une mutation KRAS. Le pronostic de ces PMC GNAS-mut\u00e9es est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9favorable et la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la chimioth\u00e9rapie cytotoxique reste m\u00e9diocre : au relapse apr\u00e8s cytor\u00e9duction + CHIP, il n&#8217;existe aucun standard, et les patients re\u00e7oivent des protocoles de type cancer colorectal malgr\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rences g\u00e9nomiques majeures (APC et TP53 rares dans le cancer appendiculaire, contrairement au c\u00f4lon). GNAS code la sous-unit\u00e9 alpha stimulatrice de la prot\u00e9ine G (G\u03b1s), qui signale via l&#8217;AMP cyclique et la prot\u00e9ine kinase A. Partant d&#8217;une observation initiale de r\u00e9ponse durable chez un patient, l&#8217;objectif de l&#8217;\u00e9tude \u00e9tait d&#8217;\u00e9valuer l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 clinique du <strong>palbociclib<\/strong>, un inhibiteur de CDK4\/6, en monoth\u00e9rapie, chez des patients atteints de PMC GNAS-mut\u00e9e.<\/p><h4>M\u00e9thodologie<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;une \u00e9tude de cohorte prospective monocentrique \u00e0 bras unique (essai PREDICT, th\u00e9rapie personnalis\u00e9e, NCT02478931), incluant 16 patients trait\u00e9s par palbociclib pour une PMC entre 2016 et 2022. Tous ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d&#8217;un profilage g\u00e9nomique (tissu et\/ou ADN tumoral circulant) par s\u00e9quen\u00e7age nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration. La tumeur primitive \u00e9tait appendiculaire chez 13 patients, pancr\u00e9atique chez 1, inconnue chez 2. Onze cas \u00e9taient de bas grade, 5 de haut grade (dont 2 ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux). Douze patients sur 16 (75 %) avaient progress\u00e9 sous au moins une ligne ant\u00e9rieure ; 81 % avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 re\u00e7u une CHIP. Le palbociclib \u00e9tait d\u00e9but\u00e9 \u00e0 150 mg\/j (21 jours sur 28). La r\u00e9ponse \u00e9tait \u00e9valu\u00e9e par les marqueurs s\u00e9riques (ACE, CA19-9, CA125), par imagerie selon le mpRECIST (RECIST p\u00e9riton\u00e9al modifi\u00e9, jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 5 l\u00e9sions), et par le ratio PFS2\/PFS1 (un ratio \u2265 1,3 \u00e9tant consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un b\u00e9n\u00e9fice). Un volet pr\u00e9clinique reposait sur des cultures ex-vivo de tranches tumorales organotypiques et une analyse in-silico DepMap.<\/p><h4>R\u00e9sultats cliniques<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">L&#8217;\u00e2ge m\u00e9dian \u00e9tait de 61 ans, 69 % de femmes. Des mutations KRAS et\/ou GNAS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9es chez 88 % des patients (les deux chez 12\/16).<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">Concernant les marqueurs : l&#8217;<strong>ACE a diminu\u00e9 de plus de 10 % chez 13 patients (81 %)<\/strong>, avec une baisse \u2265 30 % chez 11 patients (69 %) et <strong>\u2265 50 % chez 6 patients (38 %)<\/strong>. En imagerie, \u00e0 12 mois, 8 des 10 patients \u00e9valuables pr\u00e9sentaient une maladie stable (dont 7 avec une r\u00e9duction num\u00e9rique des mesures mpRECIST) : <strong>50 % des patients \u00e9valuables \u00e9taient stables \u00e0 1 an<\/strong>, dans une population lourdement pr\u00e9trait\u00e9e. La survie sans progression \u00e0 1 an \u00e9tait de 56,2 % et la survie globale de 81,2 % ; la <strong>m\u00e9diane de survie globale n&#8217;\u00e9tait pas atteinte<\/strong> \u00e0 17,6 mois de suivi m\u00e9dian. Six des 11 patients \u00e9valuables (55 %) avaient un ratio PFS2\/PFS1 \u2265 1,3, t\u00e9moignant d&#8217;un b\u00e9n\u00e9fice sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la ligne ant\u00e9rieure. Le cas embl\u00e9matique (patient #13) illustre la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ponse : normalisation de l&#8217;ACE, remont\u00e9e \u00e0 300 % \u00e0 l&#8217;arr\u00eat du traitement, puis nouvelle normalisation \u00e0 la reprise. La tol\u00e9rance \u00e9tait bonne (principal effet : fatigue de grade 3 chez 3 patients).<\/p><h4>R\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9cliniques<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">Sur les cultures de tranches tumorales, le palbociclib r\u00e9duisait de <strong>37 fois<\/strong> l&#8217;incorporation d&#8217;EdU (marqueur de prolif\u00e9ration) dans les cellules \u00e9pith\u00e9liales appendiculaires, de fa\u00e7on dose-d\u00e9pendante. L&#8217;analyse DepMap identifiait le palbociclib parmi 7 agents (sur 174) \u00e0 sensibilit\u00e9 accrue en pr\u00e9sence de mutation GNAS. En \u00e9largissant \u00e0 d&#8217;autres tumeurs mucineuses GNAS-mut\u00e9es (appendice, IPMN pancr\u00e9atique, cancer colique mucineux), les auteurs confirmaient que les tumeurs mucineuses GNAS-mut\u00e9es avaient une prolif\u00e9ration basale plus faible et une sensibilit\u00e9 significativement sup\u00e9rieure au palbociclib par rapport aux tumeurs GNAS sauvages.<\/p><h4>Discussion et port\u00e9e<\/h4><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\">En comparaison historique, la chimioth\u00e9rapie n&#8217;obtenait qu&#8217;environ 20 % de r\u00e9ponses des marqueurs (essai cap\u00e9citabine-mitomycine C) et 14 % dans les formes GNAS-mut\u00e9es ; le palbociclib fait donc nettement mieux. Le m\u00e9canisme lie la mutation GNAS \u00e0 une d\u00e9pendance au CDK4\/6. Les limites tiennent au faible effectif, \u00e0 l&#8217;absence de bras contr\u00f4le, \u00e0 l&#8217;h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des lignes ant\u00e9rieures et \u00e0 un possible biais de s\u00e9lection. Les auteurs proposent d&#8217;\u00e9valuer le palbociclib en situation adjuvante apr\u00e8s cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te des PMC de bas grade.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body\"><strong>C<\/strong>et article est la <strong>source directe de l&#8217;option palbociclib retenue dans le TNCD 2026<\/strong> pour les tumeurs appendiculaires mucineuses non r\u00e9s\u00e9cables avec mutation GNAS, premi\u00e8re cible mol\u00e9culaire sp\u00e9cifique identifi\u00e9e dans cette maladie.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7969744\" data-id=\"7969744\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d0fff96 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"d0fff96\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-948afa8\" data-id=\"948afa8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33c3ac8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"33c3ac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">PLAN DU COURS : TUMEURS APPENDICULAIRES (HORS TNE). 120 MN<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6af745b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"6af745b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd5128d\" data-id=\"bd5128d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7234b54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"7234b54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1191\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1191\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Introduction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (0:00 \u2013 0:05, 5 min)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1191\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1191\"><ul><li>Objectifs p\u00e9dagogiques, cadrage : tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales appendiculaires hors NNE<\/li><li>Source : recommandations TNCD\/RENAPE (mise \u00e0 jour 18\/06\/2026)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1192\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1192\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Partie I \u2014 \u00c9pid\u00e9miologie, anatomopathologie et classifications (0:05 \u2013 0:40, 35 min)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1192\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1192\"><p><strong> G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s et \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie<\/strong> <em>(0:05 \u2013 0:12, 7 min)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Raret\u00e9 : 0,9\u20131,4 % des pi\u00e8ces d&#8217;appendicectomie ; pr\u00e9dominance des NNE (95 %)<\/li><li>Mucoc\u00e8le appendiculaire : d\u00e9finition, fr\u00e9quence (0,2\u20130,3 %)<\/li><li>Notion de tumeur mucineuse appendiculaire et lien avec le pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al (PMP)<\/li><li>Absence de forme familiale ; association aux n\u00e9oplasies colorectales (polypes coliques 44 %, cancer colorectal synchrone\/m\u00e9tachrone &gt; 50 %)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong> Classification PSOGI 2016 et entit\u00e9s histologiques<\/strong> <em>(0:12 \u2013 0:28, 16 min)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>L\u00e9sions pr\u00e9curseurs : polypes hyperplasiques, ad\u00e9nomes\/l\u00e9sions dentel\u00e9es (KRAS, BRAF)<\/li><li>LAMN : d\u00e9finition, extension \u00ab pushing type \u00bb, profil mol\u00e9culaire (KRAS, GNAS, RNF43), diagnostics diff\u00e9rentiels<\/li><li>HAMN : atypies de haut grade, stadification pTis\/pT1\/pT2, mutations agressives (TP53, ATM, APC)<\/li><li><strong>Point cl\u00e9 de la mise \u00e0 jour 2026<\/strong> : reclassification \u00ab borderline \u00bb \u2192 in situ (LAMN\/HAMN = tumeurs malignes in situ ou invasives)<\/li><li>Ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux (\u00b1 cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton), non mucineux (type colorectal) : pronostic, profil mol\u00e9culaire, immunohistochimie<\/li><li>Goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCC) : tumeur mixte, \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie<\/li><\/ul><p><strong> Grading et stadification<\/strong> <em>(0:28 \u2013 0:40, 12 min)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Tableau 1 : syst\u00e8me de gradation des recommandations (A, B, C, avis d&#8217;experts)<\/li><li>Corr\u00e9lation OMS 2019 \/ AJCC \/ PSOGI (tableaux 2, 4, 5)<\/li><li>Stadification pTNM et AJCC 9\u1d49 \u00e9dition (tableau 3) : sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s LAMN\/HAMN vs ad\u00e9nocarcinome<\/li><li>Grade de la maladie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale et son r\u00f4le pronostique pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant<\/li><li>Exigence pathologique : examen de la totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice, relecture RENAPATH<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1193\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1193\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Partie II \u2014 Modes de d\u00e9couverte et bilan pr\u00e9-th\u00e9rapeutique (0:40 \u2013 1:00, 20 min)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1193\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1193\"><p><strong> Les trois situations cliniques de d\u00e9couverte<\/strong> <em>(0:40 \u2013 0:48, 8 min)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>D\u00e9couverte sur pi\u00e8ce d&#8217;appendicectomie (\u2248 2\/3 des cas)<\/li><li>D\u00e9couverte pr\u00e9\/per-op\u00e9ratoire sans atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale apparente<\/li><li>D\u00e9couverte avec atteinte synchrone du p\u00e9ritoine (PMP vs carcinose)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong> Explorations pr\u00e9-th\u00e9rapeutiques par imagerie<\/strong> <em>(0:48 \u2013 1:00, 12 min)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne inject\u00e9e (grade A) ; alternatives en cas de contre-indication \u00e0 l&#8217;iode<\/li><li>Place et protocole de l&#8217;IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale\/h\u00e9patique (grade C) ; centres experts<\/li><li>Absence de place du 18FDG-TEP<\/li><li>Coloscopie syst\u00e9matique<\/li><li>Marqueurs tumoraux (ACE, CA-125, CA-15-3, CA-19-9) : apport modeste<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0d4bc38\" data-id=\"0d4bc38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be01678 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"be01678\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1991\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1991\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Partie III \u2014 Traitements (1:00 \u2013 1:35, 35 min)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1991\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1991\"><p><strong> Traitement chirurgical : principes et techniques<\/strong> <em>(1:00 \u2013 1:18, 18 min)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Appendicectomie carcinologique : pr\u00e9cautions (\u00e9viter la rupture, cytologie, exploration quadrant par quadrant, sac d&#8217;extraction)<\/li><li>Indications de la colectomie droite et <strong>d\u00e9sescalade 2026<\/strong> : HAMN non perfor\u00e9e confirm\u00e9e RENAPATH \u2192 colectomie droite n&#8217;est plus indiqu\u00e9e<\/li><li>Chirurgie de cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te (CCR) + CHIP : indications, score PCI (Sugarbaker), CC score<\/li><li><strong>Protocoles de CHIP recommand\u00e9s (mise \u00e0 jour 2026)<\/strong> : cisplatine + mitomycine C (90 min, 41 \u00b0C) ; alternatives (MMC, oxaliplatine)<\/li><li>Options : debulking \u00e0 vis\u00e9e symptomatique, strat\u00e9gie \u00ab wait and see \u00bb<\/li><\/ul><p><strong> Traitement m\u00e9dical<\/strong> <em>(1:18 \u2013 1:35, 17 min)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Contexte palliatif : protocoles \u00e0 base de 5FU\/oxaliplatine, anti-angiog\u00e9niques (bevacizumab), essais prospectifs (cap\u00e9citabine-MMC, FOLFOX-4)<\/li><li><strong>OPTION 2026<\/strong> : palbociclib si mutation GNAS (1\u02b3\u1d49 cible sp\u00e9cifique identifi\u00e9e)<\/li><li>Chimioth\u00e9rapie n\u00e9oadjuvante\/adjuvante en contexte curatif : donn\u00e9es discordantes, biais de s\u00e9lection<\/li><li>Synth\u00e8se et limites (absence d&#8217;essai randomis\u00e9)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1992\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1992\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Partie IV \u2014 Indications th\u00e9rapeutiques et algorithmes (1:35 \u2013 2:00, 25 min)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1992\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1992\"><p><strong> Strat\u00e9gies selon la situation<\/strong> <em>(1:35 \u2013 1:52, 17 min)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Tumeur mucineuse de bas grade : facteurs pronostiques, \u00ab wait and see \u00bb, reprise chirurgicale si R1\/R2<\/li><li>HAMN et ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux : d\u00e9sescalade, tropisme p\u00e9riton\u00e9al, chirurgie de second regard<\/li><li>Goblet cell carcinoma : h\u00e9micolectomie droite, CCR + CHIP<\/li><li>Ad\u00e9nomes\/polypes : appendicectomie suffisante si r\u00e9section compl\u00e8te<\/li><li>Atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale synchrone : conduite per-op\u00e9ratoire, adressage au centre expert<\/li><\/ul><p><strong> Lecture comment\u00e9e des algorithmes d\u00e9cisionnels<\/strong> <em>(1:52 \u2013 1:58, 6 min)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Algorithme 1 (d\u00e9couverte sur pi\u00e8ce selon histologie)<\/li><li>Algorithme 2 (LAMN\/HAMN)<\/li><li>Algorithme 3 (ad\u00e9nocarcinome)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Conclusion et messages cl\u00e9s<\/strong> <em>(1:58 \u2013 2:00, 2 min)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Synth\u00e8se des 4 changements majeurs de la mise \u00e0 jour 2026<\/li><li>Importance de la RCP RENAPE et de la relecture RENAPATH<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3419c20 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"3419c20\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f23e04c\" data-id=\"f23e04c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d99ff03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d99ff03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/slides-powerpoint.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6469\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/slides-powerpoint.jpg 1920w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/slides-powerpoint-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/slides-powerpoint-1024x576.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/slides-powerpoint-768x432.jpg 768w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/slides-powerpoint-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57966ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"57966ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f600fe6\" data-id=\"f600fe6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dcbcd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7dcbcd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">POWERPOINT SLIDES<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-09c49c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"09c49c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d7d60c9\" data-id=\"d7d60c9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c98a302 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"c98a302\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Slide 1 to Slide 5<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\"><p><strong>Diapositive 1 \u2014 Tumeurs appendiculaires (hors TNE)<\/strong><br \/><em>d&#8217;apr\u00e8s les recommandations TNCD \/ RENAPE (mise \u00e0 jour du 18\/06\/2026)<br \/><\/em>Dr C\u00e9cile Dupont, Dr Pierre Durand<\/p><p><strong>Diapositive 2 \u2014 Objectifs et cadrage du cours<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Introduction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>P\u00e9rim\u00e8tre du cours<\/strong> \u2014 Tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales appendiculaires, \u00e0 l&#8217;exclusion des n\u00e9oplasies neuroendocrines (NNE, chapitre 11). Le goblet cell adenocarcinoma est inclus ici.<\/li><li><strong>Source de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/strong> \u2014 Th\u00e9saurus National de Canc\u00e9rologie Digestive, sous l&#8217;\u00e9gide de RENAPE. Version dat\u00e9e du 18\/06\/2026.<\/li><li><strong>Enjeu clinique<\/strong> \u2014 Tumeurs souvent de stade avanc\u00e9 au diagnostic. Une r\u00e9section inadapt\u00e9e (R1\/R2) compromet le pronostic ; la d\u00e9cision initiale est d\u00e9terminante.<\/li><li><strong>Organisation sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e<\/strong> \u2014 Bilan pr\u00e9-th\u00e9rapeutique sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 et discussion en RCP RENAPE dans un centre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les tumeurs rares du p\u00e9ritoine.<\/li><li><strong>Syst\u00e8me de gradation<\/strong> \u2014 Recommandations gradu\u00e9es selon 4 niveaux : A (preuve forte), B (pr\u00e9somption scientifique), C (faible niveau), accord\/avis d&#8217;experts.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 3 \u2014 G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s et \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Des tumeurs rares au retentissement p\u00e9riton\u00e9al<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Raret\u00e9<\/strong> \u2014 Tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales identifi\u00e9es dans 0,9 \u00e0 1,4 % des pi\u00e8ces d&#8217;appendicectomie. Les plus fr\u00e9quentes sur pi\u00e8ce restent les NNE (\u2248 95 %).<\/li><li><strong>Mucoc\u00e8le appendiculaire (MA)<\/strong> \u2014 Distension progressive de l&#8217;appendice, d&#8217;origine obstructive, par accumulation intra-luminale de mucus. Diagnostiqu\u00e9e chez 0,2\u20130,3 % des op\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/li><li><strong>Tumeurs mucineuses et PMP<\/strong> \u2014 Les tumeurs mucineuses perfor\u00e9es (spontan\u00e9ment ou non) sont la cause principale du pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al (PMP), avec ascite et implants mucineux.<\/li><li><strong>Absence de forme familiale<\/strong> \u2014 Du fait de leur raret\u00e9, aucune forme familiale n&#8217;est d\u00e9crite. L&#8217;appendice d\u00e9rive embryologiquement du c\u00f4lon (architecture histologique proche).<\/li><li><strong>N\u00e9oplasies colorectales associ\u00e9es<\/strong> \u2014 Incidence \u00e9lev\u00e9e de polypes coliques (44 %) et de cancer colorectal synchrone\/m\u00e9tachrone (&gt; 50 % pour les tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales malignes).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 4 \u2014 Classification PSOGI 2016 (1) \u2014 Pr\u00e9curseurs et LAMN<\/strong><\/p><p><em>L\u00e9sions pr\u00e9curseurs et n\u00e9oplasie mucineuse de bas grade<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Polypes festonn\u00e9s \/ dentel\u00e9s<\/strong> \u2014 Prolif\u00e9rations \u00e9pith\u00e9liales d&#8217;aspect dentel\u00e9, avec ou sans dysplasie. Pr\u00e9curseurs potentiels des ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux (KRAS 52 %, BRAF 4 %).<\/li><li><strong>LAMN \u2014 d\u00e9finition<\/strong> \u2014 Prolif\u00e9ration d&#8217;\u00e9pith\u00e9lium mucos\u00e9cr\u00e9tant bien diff\u00e9renci\u00e9, atypies de bas grade, distension et rupture sans infiltration destructrice.<\/li><li><strong>Extension \u00ab pushing type \u00bb<\/strong> \u2014 Extension expansive et non infiltrante ; lorsqu&#8217;elle d\u00e9passe la s\u00e9reuse, risque de pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al. Observ\u00e9e dans 2 % des pi\u00e8ces.<\/li><li><strong>Profil mol\u00e9culaire<\/strong> \u2014 Mutations KRAS (100 %), GNAS (50 %) et RNF43. Le profil GNAS est li\u00e9 \u00e0 la production de mucus sans valeur pronostique \u00e9tablie.<\/li><li><strong>Diagnostics diff\u00e9rentiels<\/strong> \u2014 Polype\/ad\u00e9nome dentel\u00e9, endom\u00e9triose avec m\u00e9taplasie intestinale, diverticule appendiculaire rompu, appendicite avec hyperplasie muqueuse.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 5 \u2014 Classification PSOGI 2016 (2) \u2014 HAMN et ad\u00e9nocarcinomes<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Du haut grade \u00e0 l&#8217;infiltration destructrice<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>HAMN \u2014 d\u00e9finition<\/strong> \u2014 Architecture proche de la LAMN mais avec atypies cyto-nucl\u00e9aires de haut grade, sans invasion destructrice. Stade pTis si intra-muqueux.<\/li><li><strong>Stadification de la HAMN<\/strong> \u2014 Extension \u00ab pushing-type \u00bb sous-muqueuse = pT1 ; extension \u00e0 la musculeuse = pT2 (AJCC 9e \u00e9dition). Formes agressives : mutations TP53, ATM, APC.<\/li><li><strong>Ad\u00e9nocarcinome mucineux<\/strong> \u2014 \u2265 50 % de cellules mucos\u00e9cr\u00e9tantes. Grade selon atypies et cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton. Survie \u00e0 5 ans : 75\u201381 % (bas grade), 45\u201365 % (haut grade).<\/li><li><strong>Cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton<\/strong> \u2014 Une majorit\u00e9 (&gt; 50 %) de cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton d\u00e9finit l&#8217;ad\u00e9nocarcinome \u00e0 cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton, de plus mauvais pronostic.<\/li><li><strong>Ad\u00e9nocarcinome non mucineux<\/strong> \u2014 Type colorectal, 6e d\u00e9cennie (62\u201365 ans). M\u00e9tastases ganglionnaires 23 % et h\u00e9matog\u00e8nes 37 %. Profil mol\u00e9culaire proche du pancr\u00e9as.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Slide 6 to Slide 10<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\"><p><strong>Diapositive 6 \u2014 Point cl\u00e9 2026 \u2014 Reclassification \u00ab borderline \u00bb \u2192 in situ<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Un changement de paradigme diagnostique<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Le corrigendum OMS 2021<\/strong> \u2014 La d\u00e9signation initiale \u00ab borderline \u00bb des LAMN et HAMN a \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9e par \u00ab in situ \u00bb. Un tournant terminologique majeur.<\/li><li><strong>Nouveau statut depuis 2022<\/strong> \u2014 LAMN et HAMN sont d\u00e9sormais consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des tumeurs malignes in situ ou invasives, et non plus comme des l\u00e9sions de potentiel incertain.<\/li><li><strong>Consortium international<\/strong> \u2014 La mise \u00e0 jour int\u00e8gre les travaux de consensus du Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Consortium Group (Kusamura et al. 2024).<\/li><li><strong>Grade de la maladie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale<\/strong> \u2014 En cas de discordance avec la tumeur primitive, c&#8217;est le grade de la localisation p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale qui refl\u00e8te le mieux l&#8217;\u00e9volution clinique.<\/li><li><strong>Densit\u00e9 cellulaire et grade du PMP<\/strong> \u2014 PMP de bas grade si densit\u00e9 cellulaire &lt; 10\u201320 % ; de haut grade si &gt; 20 % ou pr\u00e9sence de cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 7 \u2014 Goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCC)<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Une entit\u00e9 mixte \u00e0 part<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Ancienne d\u00e9nomination<\/strong> \u2014 Anciennement \u00ab goblet cell carcino\u00efde \u00bb. Tumeur mixte associant \u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00e9pith\u00e9liaux et neuroendocrines, avec cellules caliciformes intestinales.<\/li><li><strong>\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie<\/strong> \u2014 \u00c2ge moyen 58,9 ans, pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rance f\u00e9minine. Repr\u00e9sente 14\u201319 % des carcinomes appendiculaires (Clift et al. 2018).<\/li><li><strong>Grading OMS 2019<\/strong> \u2014 Fond\u00e9 sur l&#8217;architecture : bas grade (tubes\/clusters &gt; 75 %), haut grade (perte d&#8217;architecture, cellules isol\u00e9es, n\u00e9crose, mitoses).<\/li><li><strong>Immunohistochimie<\/strong> \u2014 Profil mixte : CK20+\/-, ACE, chromogranine +\/-, synaptophysine +\/-. La stadification TNM suit celle des ad\u00e9nocarcinomes appendiculaires.<\/li><li><strong>Comportement agressif<\/strong> \u2014 Les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes d\u00e9riv\u00e9s d&#8217;un GCC : envahissement ganglionnaire 73 %, m\u00e9tastases p\u00e9riton\u00e9ales 60 %, survie m\u00e9diane 38 mois.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 8 \u2014 Grading et stadification (TNM \/ AJCC 9e \u00e9dition)<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Corr\u00e9ler tumeur primitive et maladie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Grade histopronostique<\/strong> \u2014 G1 bien diff\u00e9renci\u00e9 (LAMN, bas grade), G2 mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment (HAMN\/ad\u00e9noK sans bague \u00e0 chaton), G3 peu diff\u00e9renci\u00e9 (avec bague \u00e0 chaton).<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 LAMN\/HAMN<\/strong> \u2014 Les stades pT1 et pT2 ne s&#8217;appliquent pas aux LAMN. Une extension \u00ab pushing type \u00bb jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 la musculeuse reste class\u00e9e pTis.<\/li><li><strong>Extension p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale (M)<\/strong> \u2014 M1a : mucus acellulaire ; M1b : implants avec cellules tumorales \u00b1 organes abdomino-pelviens ; M1c : m\u00e9tastases extra-p\u00e9riton\u00e9ales.<\/li><li><strong>Statut ganglionnaire (N)<\/strong> \u2014 N1 : 1\u20133 ad\u00e9nopathies ; N2 : \u2265 4 ad\u00e9nopathies. Le pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement d&#8217;au moins 12 ganglions est requis pour l&#8217;analyse.<\/li><li><strong>Correspondance des terminologies<\/strong> \u2014 Une terminologie homog\u00e8ne OMS 2019 \/ AJCC \/ PSOGI 2016 relie tumeur primitive et carcinose mucineuse p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale (bas ou haut grade).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 9 \u2014 Exigences anatomopathologiques<\/strong><\/p><p><em>La rigueur du compte-rendu conditionne la strat\u00e9gie<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Analyse de tout l&#8217;appendice<\/strong> \u2014 La totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice doit \u00eatre soumise \u00e0 l&#8217;examen histologique (accord d&#8217;experts) \u2014 condition du diagnostic pTis fiable.<\/li><li><strong>Relecture RENAPATH<\/strong> \u2014 Une relecture par les anatomopathologistes du groupe RENAPATH est propos\u00e9e en cas de doute (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><li><strong>Base appendiculaire<\/strong> \u2014 L&#8217;atteinte ou l&#8217;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de la base doit \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e. L&#8217;encrage de la section proximale aide \u00e0 appr\u00e9cier cette notion.<\/li><li><strong>Crit\u00e8res de grade de la carcinose<\/strong> \u2014 Degr\u00e9 d&#8217;atypies cyto-nucl\u00e9aires, caract\u00e8re infiltratif ou expansif, pr\u00e9sence de cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton orientent vers un PMP de haut grade.<\/li><li><strong>Adopter PSOGI 2016<\/strong> \u2014 La classification PSOGI 2016 doit \u00eatre adopt\u00e9e pour les tumeurs appendiculaires (accord d&#8217;experts). Le PMP est rarement d&#8217;origine extra-appendiculaire.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 10 \u2014 Les trois situations cliniques de d\u00e9couverte<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Chaque situation impose des enjeux distincts<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Symptomatologie peu sp\u00e9cifique<\/strong> \u2014 Plus de 50 % des patients sont asymptomatiques. Sinon : douleurs abdominales (mimant une appendicite), masse, perte de poids.<\/li><li><strong>1. D\u00e9couverte sur pi\u00e8ce<\/strong> \u2014 Situation la plus fr\u00e9quente (\u2248 2\/3 des cas). Enjeu : d\u00e9finir les groupes \u00e0 risque de r\u00e9cidive (m\u00e9tastases, carcinose, PMP).<\/li><li><strong>2. D\u00e9couverte pr\u00e9\/per-op\u00e9ratoire<\/strong> \u2014 Sans atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale apparente. Enjeu : respecter les crit\u00e8res carcinologiques et \u00e9viter la perforation de la tumeur ou du mucoc\u00e8le.<\/li><li><strong>3. Atteinte synchrone du p\u00e9ritoine<\/strong> \u2014 Tumeur mucineuse : authentique PMP (chapitre 16). Sinon : carcinose p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale synchrone. \u00c9valuer r\u00e9s\u00e9cabilit\u00e9 et op\u00e9rabilit\u00e9.<\/li><li><strong>Facteurs pronostiques \u00e0 recueillir<\/strong> \u2014 Type histologique, geste chirurgical (perforation, compl\u00e9tude), cytologie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale, ad\u00e9nopathies du m\u00e9so-appendice.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Slide 11 to Slide 15<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\"><p><strong>Diapositive 11 \u2014 Bilan pr\u00e9-th\u00e9rapeutique par imagerie<\/strong><\/p><p><em>TDM en premi\u00e8re ligne, IRM en compl\u00e9ment<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne<\/strong> \u2014 Examen de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence avec injection iod\u00e9e (grade A). Seul examen recommand\u00e9 pour le bilan d&#8217;une tumeur \u00e9pith\u00e9liale et d&#8217;une perforation.<\/li><li><strong>Alternatives en cas de contre-indication<\/strong> \u2014 Si insuffisance r\u00e9nale s\u00e9v\u00e8re (DFG &lt; 40) : IRM h\u00e9patique au gadolinium non lin\u00e9aire + TDM thoracique sans injection. Bilan allergologique si allergie iode.<\/li><li><strong>IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale<\/strong> \u2014 Sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 sugg\u00e9r\u00e9e dans le bilan des tumeurs mucineuses (grade C, faibles effectifs). Protocole standardis\u00e9 en centre expert ; compl\u00e8te la TDM.<\/li><li><strong>Pas de place pour la TEP-FDG<\/strong> \u2014 La 18FDG-TEP n&#8217;a aucune place dans cette indication, hormis pour caract\u00e9riser une l\u00e9sion extra-abdominale douteuse en TDM.<\/li><li><strong>Coloscopie et marqueurs<\/strong> \u2014 Coloscopie compl\u00e8te syst\u00e9matique (2e localisation). Marqueurs (ACE, CA-125, CA-15-3, CA-19-9) : apport modeste, plut\u00f4t pour le suivi.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 12 \u2014 Traitement chirurgical (1) \u2014 Appendicectomie carcinologique<\/strong><\/p><p><em>La chirurgie, base du traitement curatif<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Manipulation prudente<\/strong> \u2014 Face \u00e0 tout appendice distendu \u00e9voquant un mucoc\u00e8le, manipulation extr\u00eamement prudente pour \u00e9viter toute extravasation de mucus (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><li><strong>Cytologie et exploration<\/strong> \u2014 R\u00e9aliser une cytologie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale et une exploration compl\u00e8te quadrant par quadrant (optique 30\u00b0) \u00e0 la recherche d&#8217;une atteinte non visible.<\/li><li><strong>Extraction prot\u00e9g\u00e9e<\/strong> \u2014 L&#8217;extraction de la pi\u00e8ce se fait dans un sac d&#8217;extraction et sur la ligne m\u00e9diane, pour \u00e9viter tout ensemencement (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><li><strong>Ex\u00e9r\u00e8se compl\u00e8te<\/strong> \u2014 Ex\u00e9r\u00e8se compl\u00e8te avec le m\u00e9so-appendice (curage), section en zone saine \u00e0 la base (agrafage c\u00e6cal) (grade C).<\/li><li><strong>Voie d&#8217;abord<\/strong> \u2014 C\u0153lioscopie faisable pour \u00e9quipes entra\u00een\u00e9es, trocarts sur la ligne m\u00e9diane (grade C). Sinon laparotomie m\u00e9diane sous-ombilicale.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 13 \u2014 Traitement chirurgical (2) \u2014 Colectomie droite et d\u00e9sescalade 2026<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Adapter l&#8217;\u00e9tendue de la r\u00e9section \u00e0 l&#8217;histologie<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Indications de la colectomie droite<\/strong> \u2014 Ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux (tout grade, \u00b1 bague \u00e0 chaton) et goblet cell adenocarcinoma (grade C), avec anastomose il\u00e9o-colique et curage.<\/li><li><strong>Curage ganglionnaire<\/strong> \u2014 Ex\u00e9r\u00e8se en bloc du m\u00e9soc\u00f4lon attenant avec rep\u00e9rage du p\u00e9dicule vasculaire, devant pr\u00e9lever au moins 12 ganglions \u00e0 analyser.<\/li><li><strong>D\u00e9sescalade HAMN (nouveaut\u00e9 2026)<\/strong> \u2014 La colectomie droite pour HAMN non perfor\u00e9e et confirm\u00e9e apr\u00e8s relecture RENAPATH n&#8217;est plus indiqu\u00e9e (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><li><strong>Fondement de la d\u00e9sescalade<\/strong> \u2014 L&#8217;\u00e9tude RENAPE\/RENAPATH sur 443 pi\u00e8ces de colectomie ne retrouve, en cas de HAMN, aucun envahissement ganglionnaire (Dartigues et al. 2025).<\/li><li><strong>Non-indications<\/strong> \u2014 Pas de colectomie droite pour tumeur mucineuse de bas grade ni pour PMP \u00e0 mucine acellulaire ou de bas grade (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 14 \u2014 Traitement chirurgical (3) \u2014 Cytor\u00e9duction (CCR) et CHIP<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Le traitement de l&#8217;atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale en centre expert<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Indication<\/strong> \u2014 En cas d&#8217;atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale (grade B), en centre expert. \u00c0 discuter \u00ab en adjuvant \u00bb apr\u00e8s perforation tumorale ou r\u00e9section R2.<\/li><li><strong>Score PCI de Sugarbaker<\/strong> \u2014 Index de carcinose p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale \u00e9tabli en mesurant la taille des l\u00e9sions dans 13 r\u00e9gions abdomino-pelviennes (Jacquet et Sugarbaker 1996).<\/li><li><strong>Cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te<\/strong> \u2014 La chirurgie doit permettre l&#8217;ex\u00e9r\u00e8se de toutes les l\u00e9sions macroscopiques. La CHIP n&#8217;est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e qu&#8217;en cas de cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te.<\/li><li><strong>Score CC (maladie r\u00e9siduelle)<\/strong> \u2014 CC0 : pas de r\u00e9sidu ; CC1 : &lt; 2,5 mm ; CC2 : &gt; 2,5 mm ; CC3 : &gt; 25 mm (en r\u00e8gle jamais utilis\u00e9).<\/li><li><strong>Options si non r\u00e9s\u00e9cable<\/strong> \u2014 Debulking symptomatique en centre expert (co-morbidit\u00e9s) ou strat\u00e9gie \u00ab wait and see \u00bb, surtout chez les jeunes femmes en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 15 \u2014 Protocoles de CHIP \u2014 consensus international 2026<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Recommand\u00e9s par le consensus PSOGI\/RENAPE<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Protocole recommand\u00e9<\/strong> \u2014 Association cisplatine (50\u201375 mg\/m\u00b2) + mitomycine C (15 mg\/m\u00b2), 90 minutes \u00e0 41 \u00b0C, en 1 ou 3 fractions (grade C).<\/li><li><strong>Fractionnement<\/strong> \u2014 Sch\u00e9ma en 3 fractions : 50 % de la dose \u00e0 T0, 25 % \u00e0 30 min, 25 % \u00e0 60 min (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><li><strong>Ventre ouvert ou ferm\u00e9<\/strong> \u2014 La technique (ventre ouvert ou ferm\u00e9) est choisie selon l&#8217;exp\u00e9rience du centre (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><li><strong>Alternative \u2014 mitomycine C seule<\/strong> \u2014 Mitomycine C 35 mg\/m\u00b2, 90 minutes \u00e0 41 \u00b0C, en 3 fractions (grade C), selon le m\u00eame sch\u00e9ma de fractionnement.<\/li><li><strong>Alternative \u2014 oxaliplatine<\/strong> \u2014 Oxaliplatine 200 mg\/m\u00b2 \u00e0 40 \u00b0C pendant 120 minutes (grade C ; dur\u00e9e accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0d54362\" data-id=\"0d54362\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050ab18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"050ab18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5281\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5281\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Slide 16 to Slide 20<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5281\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5281\"><p><strong>Diapositive 16 \u2014 Traitement m\u00e9dical (1) \u2014 Contexte palliatif<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Chimioth\u00e9rapies \u00e0 base de 5FU et th\u00e9rapies cibl\u00e9es<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Protocoles \u00e0 base de 5FU<\/strong> \u2014 Le plus souvent 5FU + oxaliplatine (\u00b1 bevacizumab ou cetuximab). Contr\u00f4le tumoral 56\u201386 %, r\u00e9ponse 3,7\u201344 % (\u00e9tudes r\u00e9trospectives, grade C).<\/li><li><strong>Anti-angiog\u00e9niques<\/strong> \u2014 Le bevacizumab am\u00e9liore la survie globale (HR 0,49) et la survie sans progression, plus marqu\u00e9e sur les tumeurs peu diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es (Choe 2015).<\/li><li><strong>Essais prospectifs<\/strong> \u2014 Cap\u00e9citabine + mitomycine C : contr\u00f4le 38 % (grade B). FOLFOX-4 : r\u00e9ponse 20 %, contr\u00f4le 65 %, survie globale m\u00e9diane 26,2 mois (grade B).<\/li><li><strong>Palbociclib si mutation GNAS (2026)<\/strong> \u2014 \u00c9tude mono-bras sur 16 patients : d\u00e9croissance de l&#8217;ACE chez 13, 50 % stables \u00e0 1 an. 1re cible sp\u00e9cifique des tumeurs mucineuses (Weitz 2025).<\/li><li><strong>Synth\u00e8se des donn\u00e9es<\/strong> \u2014 Les 5FU dominent (FOLFOX-4). Aucune \u00e9tude ne d\u00e9montre clairement l&#8217;apport d&#8217;une th\u00e9rapie cibl\u00e9e, pourtant couramment associ\u00e9e.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 17 \u2014 Traitement m\u00e9dical (2) \u2014 Contexte p\u00e9ri-op\u00e9ratoire curatif<\/strong><\/p><p><em>N\u00e9oadjuvant et adjuvant : des donn\u00e9es discordantes<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Signal r\u00e9trospectif d\u00e9favorable<\/strong> \u2014 Cinq \u00e9tudes (&gt; 3 574 patients) sugg\u00e8rent des survies plus faibles sous chimioth\u00e9rapie syst\u00e9mique, surtout en n\u00e9oadjuvant (grade C).<\/li><li><strong>Biais de s\u00e9lection<\/strong> \u2014 Le mauvais pronostic refl\u00e8te probablement des maladies plus agressives, la chimioth\u00e9rapie \u00e9tant r\u00e9serv\u00e9e \u00e0 ces patients. Prudence d&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation.<\/li><li><strong>\u00c9tudes prospectives favorables<\/strong> \u2014 Deux phases II : PCI plus faible et davantage de r\u00e9sections CC0 apr\u00e8s chimioth\u00e9rapie n\u00e9oadjuvante (FOLFOX \u00b1 bevacizumab) (grade B).<\/li><li><strong>R\u00e9ponse histologique<\/strong> \u2014 Sous FOLFOX n\u00e9oadjuvant : r\u00e9ponse partielle histologique 20 %, r\u00e9ponse compl\u00e8te 9 % ; mais progression c\u0153lioscopique chez 50 % (Sugarbaker 2010).<\/li><li><strong>R\u00e9server aux formes agressives<\/strong> \u2014 Il para\u00eet logique de r\u00e9server la chimioth\u00e9rapie aux ad\u00e9nocarcinomes, tumeurs peu diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es et \u00e0 cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton. Aucun essai randomis\u00e9.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 18 \u2014 Indications (1) \u2014 Tumeur mucineuse de bas grade (LAMN)<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Entre surveillance et reprise chirurgicale<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Pronostic favorable<\/strong> \u2014 Survie globale \u00e0 3 ans de 80 %, \u00e0 5 ans de 81 % (Chua). \u00c9volution indolente, faible agressivit\u00e9 biologique par d\u00e9finition.<\/li><li><strong>Facteurs de mauvais pronostic<\/strong> \u2014 La r\u00e9section incompl\u00e8te est le principal facteur ind\u00e9pendant. Autres : \u00e2ge &lt; 53 ans, d\u00e9lai &gt; 24 mois, complications majeures.<\/li><li><strong>Reprise si R1\/R2<\/strong> \u2014 R\u00e9section incompl\u00e8te : c\u00e6cectomie pour une r\u00e9section en zone saine. M\u00e9so-appendice envahi : il\u00e9o-typhlectomie sans curage (R0) (grade C).<\/li><li><strong>Strat\u00e9gie \u00ab wait and see \u00bb<\/strong> \u2014 Envisageable si envahissement p\u00e9riton\u00e9al minimal ou mucine acellulaire, en centre expert, surtout chez les femmes en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er.<\/li><li><strong>CCR + CHIP \u00ab adjuvante \u00bb<\/strong> \u2014 En cas de tumeur perfor\u00e9e, de stade pM1a (PCI &gt; 3, &gt; 1 cadran) ou pM1b : CCR et CHIP en centre expert (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 19 \u2014 Indications (2) \u2014 HAMN et ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Tropisme p\u00e9riton\u00e9al et d\u00e9sescalade cibl\u00e9e<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>R\u00e9section carcinologique<\/strong> \u2014 Ad\u00e9nocarcinomes : colectomie droite avec curage (grade C). La r\u00e9section compl\u00e8te lisse le pronostic histologique (Lo &amp; Sarr).<\/li><li><strong>Exception HAMN<\/strong> \u2014 HAMN non perfor\u00e9e confirm\u00e9e RENAPATH : surveillance en centre RENAPE, sans colectomie droite (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><li><strong>Fort tropisme p\u00e9riton\u00e9al<\/strong> \u2014 En chirurgie de second regard, &gt; 50 % ont des m\u00e9tastases p\u00e9riton\u00e9ales (PCI m\u00e9dian 5), souvent hors des r\u00e9gions r\u00e9s\u00e9qu\u00e9es lors d&#8217;une h\u00e9micolectomie.<\/li><li><strong>Envahissement ganglionnaire<\/strong> \u2014 D\u00e9pend de la diff\u00e9renciation : &gt; 29 % si peu diff\u00e9renci\u00e9, 5\u20136 % si bien\/moyennement diff\u00e9renci\u00e9. Aucun envahissement en cas de HAMN (Dartigues 2025).<\/li><li><strong>CCR + CHIP \u00ab adjuvante \u00bb<\/strong> \u2014 Tumeur perfor\u00e9e ou stade pM1b : CCR et CHIP avec colectomie droite \u00ab adjuvante \u00bb en centre expert (grade C).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 20 \u2014 Indications (3) \u2014 GCC, ad\u00e9nomes et atteinte synchrone<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Des situations particuli\u00e8res \u00e0 codifier<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Goblet cell carcinoma<\/strong> \u2014 H\u00e9micolectomie droite (grade C). Si m\u00e9tastases p\u00e9riton\u00e9ales r\u00e9s\u00e9cables et patient op\u00e9rable : CCR et CHIP en centre expert (grade C).<\/li><li><strong>GCC perfor\u00e9<\/strong> \u2014 GCC perfor\u00e9 sans l\u00e9sion p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale d\u00e9celable : CCR et CHIP avec colectomie droite \u00ab adjuvante \u00bb \u00e0 discuter en centre expert (grade C).<\/li><li><strong>Ad\u00e9nomes et polypes<\/strong> \u2014 LAMN\/HAMN pTis non rompue et ex\u00e9r\u00e8se compl\u00e8te, ad\u00e9nomes, polypes festonn\u00e9s ou hyperplasiques : appendicectomie suffisante (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><li><strong>Atteinte synchrone \u2014 pr\u00e9-op<\/strong> \u2014 Authentique PMP de bas ou haut grade : CCR et CHIP (grade B). Pas de consensus sur le protocole de CHIP (chapitre 16).<\/li><li><strong>Atteinte synchrone \u2014 per-op<\/strong> \u2014 D\u00e9crire l&#8217;atteinte, \u00e9tablir le PCI, se limiter \u00e0 une biopsie. \u00c9viter les biopsies diaphragmatiques. Adresser au centre RENAPE (grade B).<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5282\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5282\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Slide 21 to Slide 25<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5282\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5282\"><p><strong>Diapositive 21 \u2014 Indications (4) \u2014 Traitement m\u00e9dical<\/strong><\/p><p><em>N\u00e9oadjuvant, adjuvant et maladie non r\u00e9s\u00e9cable<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Chimioth\u00e9rapie n\u00e9oadjuvante<\/strong> \u2014 Pour maladie de r\u00e9s\u00e9cabilit\u00e9 incertaine : FOLFOX-4 + bevacizumab pour 4 \u00e0 8 cures (grade B).<\/li><li><strong>Chimioth\u00e9rapie adjuvante<\/strong> \u2014 Pas de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e9tablie. Options (avis d&#8217;experts) : chirurgie CC1 ou N+ apr\u00e8s colectomie droite \u2192 FOLFOX-4 pour 12 cures.<\/li><li><strong>Maladie non r\u00e9s\u00e9cable<\/strong> \u2014 Options (avis d&#8217;experts) : FOLFOX-4, FOLFIRI, LV5FU2 ou cap\u00e9citabine, jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 progression.<\/li><li><strong>Th\u00e9rapies associ\u00e9es<\/strong> \u2014 \u00b1 bevacizumab, ou anti-EGFR si statut RAS sauvage (avis d&#8217;experts).<\/li><li><strong>Option palbociclib (2026)<\/strong> \u2014 Palbociclib si mutation GNAS (avis d&#8217;experts) \u2014 reflet de la premi\u00e8re cible mol\u00e9culaire sp\u00e9cifique identifi\u00e9e.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 22 \u2014 Algorithmes d\u00e9cisionnels<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Trois arbres selon l&#8217;histologie<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Algorithme 1 \u2014 orientation<\/strong> \u2014 D\u00e9couverte sur pi\u00e8ce : oriente selon l&#8217;histologie vers les arbres 2 (LAMN\/HAMN) et 3 (ad\u00e9nocarcinomes), ou GCC et ad\u00e9nomes.<\/li><li><strong>Algorithme 2 \u2014 LAMN\/HAMN<\/strong> \u2014 Non perfor\u00e9 : surveillance ou reprise (c\u00e6cectomie \/ r\u00e9section il\u00e9oc\u00e6cale). Perfor\u00e9 HAMN avec r\u00e9sidu : CCR et CHIP.<\/li><li><strong>Algorithme 3 \u2014 ad\u00e9nocarcinomes<\/strong> \u2014 Non perfor\u00e9 : colectomie droite compl\u00e9mentaire, puis surveillance (N-) ou chimioth\u00e9rapie (N+). Perfor\u00e9 : selon r\u00e9s\u00e9cabilit\u00e9.<\/li><li><strong>R\u00f4le central de la RCP<\/strong> \u2014 Chaque branche complexe (perforation, atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale) doit passer en RCP RENAPE sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e pour d\u00e9cision.<\/li><li><strong>Examen extemporan\u00e9 d\u00e9conseill\u00e9<\/strong> \u2014 L&#8217;examen extemporan\u00e9 n&#8217;est pas recommand\u00e9 ; le diagnostic pTis exige l&#8217;analyse de la totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 23 \u2014 Algorithme 1 : Tumeur d\u00e9couverte sur pi\u00e8ce d&#8217;appendicectomie<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Orientation selon l&#8217;histologie<\/em><\/p><p>Point de d\u00e9part : <strong>Pi\u00e8ce d&#8217;appendicectomie<\/strong> (+ coloscopie syst\u00e9matique). L&#8217;orientation se fait selon l&#8217;histologie, en quatre branches :<\/p><ul><li><strong>LAMN et HAMN<\/strong> \u2192 voir Arbre 2.<\/li><li><strong>Ad\u00e9nocarcinomes<\/strong> \u2192 voir Arbre 3.<\/li><li><strong>Goblet cell carcinoma<\/strong> \u2192 question : atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale ?<ul><li>Non \u2192 colectomie droite.<\/li><li>Oui \u2192 maladie r\u00e9s\u00e9cable ? Si oui \u2192 CCR + CHIP ; si non \u2192 chimioth\u00e9rapie palliative.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Ad\u00e9nomes festonn\u00e9s, polypes hyperplasiques<\/strong> \u2192 question : r\u00e9section compl\u00e8te ?<ul><li>Oui \u2192 pas de surveillance.<\/li><li>Non \u2192 c\u00e6cectomie.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 24 \u2014 Algorithme 2 : N\u00e9oplasie mucineuse (LAMN \/ HAMN)<\/strong><\/p><p><em>D\u00e9couverte sur pi\u00e8ce d&#8217;appendicectomie<\/em><\/p><p>Point de d\u00e9part : <strong>LAMN et HAMN<\/strong> (+ coloscopie \/ scanner). Deux branches selon la perforation :<\/p><ul><li><strong>Non perfor\u00e9<\/strong> \u2192 deux questions :<ul><li>R\u00e9section compl\u00e8te ? Oui \u2192 surveillance ; Non \u2192 c\u00e6cectomie.<\/li><li>M\u00e9soappendice envahi ? Non \u2192 surveillance ; Oui \u2192 r\u00e9section il\u00e9oc\u00e6cale.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Perfor\u00e9 \/ maladie r\u00e9siduelle (HAMN)<\/strong> \u2192 maladie r\u00e9siduelle ?<ul><li>Non \u2192 surveillance.<\/li><li>Oui \u2192 CCR et CHIP.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Voie particuli\u00e8re : LAMN + mucine acellulaire<\/strong> \u2192 surveillance.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 25 \u2014 Algorithme 3 : Ad\u00e9nocarcinome sur pi\u00e8ce d&#8217;appendicectomie<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Hors stades pTis<\/em><\/p><p>Point de d\u00e9part : <strong>Ad\u00e9nocarcinomes<\/strong>. Deux branches selon la perforation :<\/p><ul><li><strong>Non perfor\u00e9<\/strong> \u2192 colectomie droite compl\u00e9mentaire :<ul><li>N\u2013 \u2192 surveillance.<\/li><li>N+ \u2192 chimioth\u00e9rapie syst\u00e9mique.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Perfor\u00e9<\/strong> \u2192 maladie r\u00e9siduelle au scanner ?<ul><li>Non \u2192 CCR et CHIP \u00ab adjuvante \u00bb \u00e0 discuter.<\/li><li>Oui \u2192 maladie r\u00e9s\u00e9cable ? Si oui \u2192 CCR + CHIP ; si non \u2192 chimioth\u00e9rapie palliative.<\/li><li>Incertain \u2192 chimioth\u00e9rapie pr\u00e9op\u00e9ratoire.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5283\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5283\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Slide 26 to Slide 27<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5283\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5283\"><p><strong>Diapositive 26 \u2014 Surveillance post-th\u00e9rapeutique<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Modalit\u00e9s et rythme du suivi<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>TDM de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/strong> \u2014 TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne tous les 3 \u00e0 6 mois pendant 2 ans, puis annuelle pendant 5 ans (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><li><strong>IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale (bas grade)<\/strong> \u2014 En cas de tumeur mucineuse de bas grade, un suivi par IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale peut \u00eatre propos\u00e9, uniquement en centre expert.<\/li><li><strong>IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale (PMP haut grade)<\/strong> \u2014 En cas de PMP de haut grade, IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale au moins annuelle, associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une TDM thoracique.<\/li><li><strong>Marqueurs tumoraux<\/strong> \u2014 Pas de dosage syst\u00e9matique des marqueurs, sauf pour les pseudomyxomes p\u00e9riton\u00e9aux (chapitre 16 du TNCD).<\/li><li><strong>Surveillance coloscopique<\/strong> \u2014 Uniquement en cas de polypes coliques associ\u00e9s, selon les recommandations de la HAS (accord d&#8217;experts).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Diapositive 27 \u2014 Messages cl\u00e9s et changements 2026<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Synth\u00e8se de la mise \u00e0 jour du 18\/06\/2026<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>Reclassification in situ<\/strong> \u2014 LAMN et HAMN ne sont plus \u00ab borderline \u00bb mais des tumeurs malignes in situ ou invasives (corrigendum OMS 2021).<\/li><li><strong>D\u00e9sescalade pour la HAMN<\/strong> \u2014 HAMN non perfor\u00e9e confirm\u00e9e RENAPATH : la colectomie droite n&#8217;est plus indiqu\u00e9e \u2014 surveillance en centre RENAPE.<\/li><li><strong>Protocoles de CHIP harmonis\u00e9s<\/strong> \u2014 Consensus international : cisplatine + mitomycine C (90 min, 41 \u00b0C) ; alternatives MMC seule ou oxaliplatine.<\/li><li><strong>Palbociclib et cible GNAS<\/strong> \u2014 Nouvelle option en maladie non r\u00e9s\u00e9cable si mutation GNAS \u2014 premi\u00e8re cible mol\u00e9culaire sp\u00e9cifique des tumeurs mucineuses.<\/li><li><strong>Le r\u00e9seau RENAPE au c\u0153ur du parcours<\/strong> \u2014 RCP RENAPE sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e et relecture RENAPATH : indispensables \u00e0 chaque d\u00e9cision complexe pour ces tumeurs rares.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5284\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5284\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Algorithmes<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5284\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5284\"><h4><strong>Algorithme 1 : Tumeur d\u00e9couverte sur pi\u00e8ce d&#8217;appendicectomie<\/strong><\/h4><p><em>Orientation selon l&#8217;histologie<\/em><\/p><p>PI\u00c8CE D&#8217;APPENDICECTOMIE\u00a0 (+ coloscopie syst\u00e9matique)<\/p><p>\u251c\u2500\u25ba LAMN et HAMN \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba voir ARBRE 2<\/p><p>\u251c\u2500\u25ba Ad\u00e9nocarcinomes \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba voir ARBRE 3<\/p><p>\u251c\u2500\u25ba Goblet cell carcinoma<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u25ba Atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale ?<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500 NON \u2500\u2500\u25ba Colectomie droite<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500 OUI \u2500\u2500\u25ba Maladie r\u00e9s\u00e9cable ?<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500 OUI \u2500\u2500\u25ba CCR + CHIP<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500 NON \u2500\u2500\u25ba Chimioth\u00e9rapie palliative<\/p><p>\u2514\u2500\u25ba Ad\u00e9nomes festonn\u00e9s \/ polypes hyperplasiques<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u25ba R\u00e9section compl\u00e8te ?<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500 OUI \u2500\u2500\u25ba Pas de surveillance<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500 NON \u2500\u2500\u25ba C\u00e6cectomie<\/p><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h4><strong>Algorithme 2 : N\u00e9oplasie mucineuse (LAMN \/ HAMN)<\/strong><\/h4><p><em>D\u00e9couverte sur pi\u00e8ce d&#8217;appendicectomie<\/em><\/p><p>LAMN et HAMN\u00a0 (+ coloscopie \/ scanner)<\/p><p>\u251c\u2500\u25ba <strong>NON PERFOR\u00c9<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u25ba R\u00e9section compl\u00e8te ?<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500 OUI \u2500\u2500\u25ba Surveillance<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500 NON \u2500\u2500\u25ba C\u00e6cectomie<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u25ba M\u00e9soappendice envahi ?<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u251c\u2500 NON \u2500\u2500\u25ba Surveillance<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500 OUI \u2500\u2500\u25ba R\u00e9section il\u00e9oc\u00e6cale<\/p><p>\u251c\u2500\u25ba <strong>PERFOR\u00c9 \/ maladie r\u00e9siduelle (HAMN)<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u25ba Maladie r\u00e9siduelle ?<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500 NON \u2500\u2500\u25ba Surveillance<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500 OUI \u2500\u2500\u25ba CCR et CHIP<\/p><p>\u2514\u2500\u25ba LAMN + mucine acellulaire \u2500\u2500\u25ba Surveillance<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><strong>Algorithme 3 : Ad\u00e9nocarcinome sur pi\u00e8ce d&#8217;appendicectomie<\/strong><\/h4><p><em>Hors stades pTis<\/em><\/p><p>AD\u00c9NOCARCINOMES<\/p><p>\u251c\u2500\u25ba NON PERFOR\u00c9<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u25ba Colectomie droite compl\u00e9mentaire<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500 N\u2013 \u2500\u2500\u25ba Surveillance<\/p><p>\u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500 N+ \u2500\u2500\u25ba Chimioth\u00e9rapie syst\u00e9mique<\/p><p>\u2514\u2500\u25ba PERFOR\u00c9<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u25ba Maladie r\u00e9siduelle au scanner ?<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500 NON \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba CCR et CHIP \u00ab adjuvante \u00bb \u00e0 discuter<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500 OUI \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba Maladie r\u00e9s\u00e9cable ?<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500 OUI \u2500\u2500\u25ba CCR + CHIP<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2502\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500 NON \u2500\u2500\u25ba Chimioth\u00e9rapie palliative<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500 INCERTAIN \u2500\u2500\u25ba Chimioth\u00e9rapie pr\u00e9op\u00e9ratoire<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d6648bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"d6648bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-344a760\" data-id=\"344a760\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-466472e elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"466472e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">QUIZ<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cd3554 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"1cd3554\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-524f4f5\" data-id=\"524f4f5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba68b00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ba68b00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/illustr-quiz.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9005\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/illustr-quiz.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/illustr-quiz-300x300.jpg 300w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/illustr-quiz-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/illustr-quiz-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-175f018\" data-id=\"175f018\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28bfda1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28bfda1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong class=\"ays-quiz-shortcode-box\" title=\"\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Cliquer pour copier.\">\n            <div class='ays-quiz-container ays_quiz_classic_light   ays-quiz-keyboard-active' data-quest-effect='none'  data-hide-bg-image='false' id='ays-quiz-container-13'>\n                \n                \n                <div class='ays-questions-container'>\n                    \n                    \n                    \n                    <form action='' method='post' id='ays_finish_quiz_13' \n                        class='ays-quiz-form  enable_questions_result '\n                    >\n            <input type='hidden' value='list' class='answer_view_class'>\n            <input type='hidden' value='' class='ays_qm_enable_arrows'><section  class='ays_quiz_timer_container'>\n                <div class='ays-quiz-timer ays-quiz-message-before-timer' data-timer='300'><p>Ce Quiz comporte 10 QRM<br \/>\nChaque question a une seule r\u00e9ponse exacte<br \/>\nUn minimum de 80% de r\u00e9ponses exactes est requis<br \/>\nLe temps imparti est de 5 mn au maximum<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <div class='ays-quiz-after-timer '><p>Le temps imparti est \u00e9coul\u00e9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <hr style='height:1px;'>\n            <\/section>\n            \n            \n            <div class='step active-step'>\n                <div class='ays-abs-fs ays-start-page'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-fs-title'>TUMEURS APPENDICULAIRES (HORS TNE)<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-fs-subtitle'><\/div>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_id' value='13'\/>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_finish_nonce' value='8777b8244b'>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_curent_page_link' class='ays-quiz-curent-page-link' value='http:\/\/echonews.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpages%2F8940'\/>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_questions' value='385,388,390,391,396,405,389,407,406,413'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <input type='button'   class='ays_next start_button action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active' value='D\u00e9marrer' data-enable-leave-page=\"false\" \/>\n                    \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='385' data-type='checkbox'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>1 \/ 10<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p>Concernant le goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCC), quelle proposition est exacte ?<\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-385]' id='ays-answer-1853-13' value='1853'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1853-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>C&#039;est une tumeur mixte \u00e0 composante neuroendocrine, survenant \u00e0 un \u00e2ge moyen d&#039;environ 59 ans<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1853-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-385]' id='ays-answer-1852-13' value='1852'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1852-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Il repr\u00e9sente 40 \u00e0 50 % des carcinomes appendiculaires<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1852-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-385]' id='ays-answer-1854-13' value='1854'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1854-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Il ne s&#039;accompagne jamais de m\u00e9tastases p\u00e9riton\u00e9ales<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1854-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-385]' id='ays-answer-1851-13' value='1851'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1851-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Il s&#039;agit d&#039;une tumeur purement \u00e9pith\u00e9liale<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1851-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-385]' id='ays-answer-1855-13' value='1855'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1855-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Sa stadification TNM suit celle des tumeurs neuroendocrines<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1855-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div><script>\n            if(typeof window.quizOptions_13 === 'undefined'){\n                window.quizOptions_13 = [];\n            }\n            window.quizOptions_13['385'] = 'W10=';<\/script><\/div>                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class='ays_buttons_div'>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent' \/>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Suivant' \/>\n                    <\/div>\n                        \n                        <div class='wrong_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays-quiz-additonal-box'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>   \n                        \n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='388' data-type='checkbox'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>2 \/ 10<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p>Concernant l&#8217;examen anatomopathologique, quelle recommandation est un accord d&#8217;experts ?<\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-388]' id='ays-answer-1868-13' value='1868'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1868-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>L&#039;examen extemporan\u00e9 est recommand\u00e9<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1868-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-388]' id='ays-answer-1867-13' value='1867'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1867-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>La totalit\u00e9 de l&#039;appendice doit \u00eatre soumise \u00e0 l&#039;examen histologique<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1867-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-388]' id='ays-answer-1870-13' value='1870'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1870-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>La relecture RENAPATH est interdite<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1870-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-388]' id='ays-answer-1866-13' value='1866'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1866-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Seule la base appendiculaire doit \u00eatre analys\u00e9e<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1866-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-388]' id='ays-answer-1869-13' value='1869'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1869-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>La classification \u00e0 adopter est celle de l&#039;OMS 2010<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1869-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div><script>\n            if(typeof window.quizOptions_13 === 'undefined'){\n                window.quizOptions_13 = [];\n            }\n            window.quizOptions_13['388'] = 'W10=';<\/script><\/div>                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class='ays_buttons_div'>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent' \/>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Suivant' \/>\n                    <\/div>\n                        \n                        <div class='wrong_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays-quiz-additonal-box'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>   \n                        \n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='390' data-type='checkbox'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>3 \/ 10<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p>L&#8217;examen d&#8217;imagerie recommand\u00e9 en grade A pour le bilan d&#8217;extension est :<\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-390]' id='ays-answer-1880-13' value='1880'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1880-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>La TDM sans injection<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1880-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-390]' id='ays-answer-1877-13' value='1877'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1877-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>La TEP-FDG<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1877-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-390]' id='ays-answer-1878-13' value='1878'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1878-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>La TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne avec injection de produit de contraste iod\u00e9<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1878-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-390]' id='ays-answer-1876-13' value='1876'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1876-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>L&#039;IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale seule<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1876-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-390]' id='ays-answer-1879-13' value='1879'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1879-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>L&#039;\u00e9chographie abdominale<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1879-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div><script>\n            if(typeof window.quizOptions_13 === 'undefined'){\n                window.quizOptions_13 = [];\n            }\n            window.quizOptions_13['390'] = 'W10=';<\/script><\/div>                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class='ays_buttons_div'>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent' \/>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Suivant' \/>\n                    <\/div>\n                        \n                        <div class='wrong_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays-quiz-additonal-box'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>   \n                        \n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='391' data-type='checkbox'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>4 \/ 10<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p>En cas de contre-indication absolue \u00e0 l&#8217;injection iod\u00e9e (DFG &lt; 40 mL\/min), l&#8217;alternative propos\u00e9e est :<\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-391]' id='ays-answer-1884-13' value='1884'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1884-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Une abstention de tout bilan<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1884-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-391]' id='ays-answer-1881-13' value='1881'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1881-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Une TEP-FDG seule<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1881-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-391]' id='ays-answer-1883-13' value='1883'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1883-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Une \u00e9chographie de contraste<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1883-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-391]' id='ays-answer-1882-13' value='1882'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1882-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Une IRM h\u00e9patique inject\u00e9e au gadolinium non lin\u00e9aire coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 une TDM thoracique sans injection<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1882-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div><script>\n            if(typeof window.quizOptions_13 === 'undefined'){\n                window.quizOptions_13 = [];\n            }\n            window.quizOptions_13['391'] = 'W10=';<\/script><\/div>                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class='ays_buttons_div'>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent' \/>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Suivant' \/>\n                    <\/div>\n                        \n                        <div class='wrong_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays-quiz-additonal-box'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>   \n                        \n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='396' data-type='checkbox'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>5 \/ 10<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p>Concernant l&#8217;appendicectomie carcinologique, quelle proposition est exacte ?<\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-396]' id='ays-answer-1907-13' value='1907'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1907-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>L&#039;ex\u00e9r\u00e8se doit \u00eatre compl\u00e8te avec le m\u00e9so-appendice et la section en zone saine \u00e0 la base (grade C)<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1907-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-396]' id='ays-answer-1906-13' value='1906'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1906-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>La section peut passer en zone tumorale<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1906-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-396]' id='ays-answer-1905-13' value='1905'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1905-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Le m\u00e9so-appendice ne doit pas \u00eatre r\u00e9s\u00e9qu\u00e9<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1905-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-396]' id='ays-answer-1908-13' value='1908'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1908-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>La c\u0153lioscopie est formellement contre-indiqu\u00e9e<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1908-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-396]' id='ays-answer-1909-13' value='1909'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1909-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Les trocarts doivent \u00eatre plac\u00e9s en fosse iliaque gauche<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1909-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div><script>\n            if(typeof window.quizOptions_13 === 'undefined'){\n                window.quizOptions_13 = [];\n            }\n            window.quizOptions_13['396'] = 'W10=';<\/script><\/div>                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class='ays_buttons_div'>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent' \/>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Suivant' \/>\n                    <\/div>\n                        \n                        <div class='wrong_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays-quiz-additonal-box'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>   \n                        \n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='405' data-type='checkbox'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>6 \/ 10<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p>Parmi les alternatives de CHIP cit\u00e9es, laquelle est exacte ?<\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-405]' id='ays-answer-1952-13' value='1952'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1952-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Mitomycine C \u00e0 5 mg\/m\u00b2 pendant 10 minutes<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1952-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-405]' id='ays-answer-1950-13' value='1950'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1950-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Cisplatine \u00e0 200 mg\/m\u00b2 \u00e0 45 \u00b0C<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1950-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-405]' id='ays-answer-1949-13' value='1949'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1949-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Oxaliplatine \u00e0 200 mg\/m\u00b2 \u00e0 40 \u00b0C pendant 120 minutes<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1949-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-405]' id='ays-answer-1951-13' value='1951'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1951-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>B\u00e9vacizumab intrap\u00e9riton\u00e9al<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1951-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-405]' id='ays-answer-1953-13' value='1953'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1953-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Carboplatine \u00e0 41 \u00b0C pendant 30 minutes<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1953-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div><script>\n            if(typeof window.quizOptions_13 === 'undefined'){\n                window.quizOptions_13 = [];\n            }\n            window.quizOptions_13['405'] = 'W10=';<\/script><\/div>                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class='ays_buttons_div'>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent' \/>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Suivant' \/>\n                    <\/div>\n                        \n                        <div class='wrong_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays-quiz-additonal-box'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>   \n                        \n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='389' data-type='checkbox'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>7 \/ 10<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p>Concernant la symptomatologie des tumeurs appendiculaires, quelle proposition est exacte ?<\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-389]' id='ays-answer-1873-13' value='1873'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1873-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>L&#039;examen clinique suffit \u00e0 affirmer le diagnostic<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1873-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-389]' id='ays-answer-1871-13' value='1871'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1871-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Tous les patients sont symptomatiques<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1871-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-389]' id='ays-answer-1872-13' value='1872'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1872-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Plus de 50 % des patients sont asymptomatiques<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1872-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-389]' id='ays-answer-1874-13' value='1874'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1874-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>La perte de poids est le signe le plus fr\u00e9quent<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1874-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-389]' id='ays-answer-1875-13' value='1875'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1875-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Le diagnostic clinique est \u00e9tabli dans 90 % des cas<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1875-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div><script>\n            if(typeof window.quizOptions_13 === 'undefined'){\n                window.quizOptions_13 = [];\n            }\n            window.quizOptions_13['389'] = 'W10=';<\/script><\/div>                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class='ays_buttons_div'>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent' \/>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Suivant' \/>\n                    <\/div>\n                        \n                        <div class='wrong_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays-quiz-additonal-box'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>   \n                        \n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='407' data-type='checkbox'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>8 \/ 10<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p>Concernant le bevacizumab dans les tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales appendiculaires non r\u00e9s\u00e9cables (\u00e9tude de Choe), quelle proposition est exacte ?<\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-407]' id='ays-answer-1963-13' value='1963'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1963-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Il augmente la mortalit\u00e9 pr\u00e9coce<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1963-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-407]' id='ays-answer-1961-13' value='1961'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1961-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Il est contre-indiqu\u00e9<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1961-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-407]' id='ays-answer-1959-13' value='1959'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1959-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Il n&#039;a montr\u00e9 aucun b\u00e9n\u00e9fice<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1959-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-407]' id='ays-answer-1960-13' value='1960'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1960-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Il a permis d&#039;augmenter la survie globale (HR = 0,49)<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1960-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-407]' id='ays-answer-1962-13' value='1962'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1962-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Il n&#039;am\u00e9liore que les tumeurs bien diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1962-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div><script>\n            if(typeof window.quizOptions_13 === 'undefined'){\n                window.quizOptions_13 = [];\n            }\n            window.quizOptions_13['407'] = 'W10=';<\/script><\/div>                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class='ays_buttons_div'>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent' \/>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Suivant' \/>\n                    <\/div>\n                        \n                        <div class='wrong_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays-quiz-additonal-box'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>   \n                        \n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='406' data-type='checkbox'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>9 \/ 10<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p>La strat\u00e9gie \u00ab wait and see \u00bb est particuli\u00e8rement envisag\u00e9e :<\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-406]' id='ays-answer-1958-13' value='1958'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1958-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>En dehors de tout centre expert<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1958-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-406]' id='ays-answer-1954-13' value='1954'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1954-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Chez les patients atteints d&#039;ad\u00e9nocarcinome \u00e0 cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1954-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-406]' id='ays-answer-1957-13' value='1957'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1957-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Syst\u00e9matiquement pour tout goblet cell adenocarcinoma<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1957-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-406]' id='ays-answer-1956-13' value='1956'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1956-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>En cas de carcinose de haut grade \u00e9tendue<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1956-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-406]' id='ays-answer-1955-13' value='1955'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1955-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Chez les jeunes femmes en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er, avec envahissement p\u00e9riton\u00e9al minimal ou mucine acellulaire<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1955-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div><script>\n            if(typeof window.quizOptions_13 === 'undefined'){\n                window.quizOptions_13 = [];\n            }\n            window.quizOptions_13['406'] = 'W10=';<\/script><\/div>                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class='ays_buttons_div'>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent' \/>\n                        \n                        <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' class='ays_next action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Suivant' \/>\n                    <\/div>\n                        \n                        <div class='wrong_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays-quiz-additonal-box'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>   \n                        \n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step ' data-question-id='413' data-type='checkbox'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>10 \/ 10<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p>En cas de m\u00e9so-appendice envahi (tumeur de bas grade), la recommandation est :<\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-413]' id='ays-answer-1990-13' value='1990'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1990-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Une il\u00e9o-typhlectomie sans curage, pour obtenir une r\u00e9section R0<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1990-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-413]' id='ays-answer-1993-13' value='1993'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1993-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Une radioth\u00e9rapie<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1993-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-413]' id='ays-answer-1991-13' value='1991'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1991-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Une colectomie totale<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1991-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-413]' id='ays-answer-1989-13' value='1989'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1989-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Une simple surveillance<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1989-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='ays-field ays_list_view_item ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0' >\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n\n                <input type='checkbox' name='ays_questions[ays-question-413]' id='ays-answer-1992-13' value='1992'\/>\n\n                <label for='ays-answer-1992-13' class='  ays_position_initial  ays-quiz-keyboard-label'>Une chimioth\u00e9rapie exclusive<\/label><label for='ays-answer-1992-13' class='ays_answer_image ays_answer_image_class ays_empty_before_content'><\/label>\n\n            <\/div><script>\n            if(typeof window.quizOptions_13 === 'undefined'){\n                window.quizOptions_13 = [];\n            }\n            window.quizOptions_13['413'] = 'W10=';<\/script><\/div>                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class='ays_buttons_div'>\n                            \n                            <i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                            <input type='button' class='ays_previous action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active '  value='Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent' \/>\n                            <i class='ays_display_none ays_fa ays_fa_flag_checkered ays_finish action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active' tabindex='0'><\/i><input type='submit' name='ays_finish_quiz' class='  ays_next ays_finish action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active' value='Voir le r\u00e9sultat'\/>\n                        <\/div>\n                        \n                        <div class='wrong_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays-quiz-additonal-box'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>   \n                        \n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step ays_thank_you_fs'>\n            <div class='ays-abs-fs ays-end-page'><div data-class='lds-ellipsis' data-role='loader' class='ays-loader'><div><\/div><div><\/div><div><\/div><div><\/div><\/div><div class='ays_quiz_results_page'><div class='ays_score_message'><\/div><div class='ays_message'><\/div><p class='ays_score ays_score_display_none animated'>Your score is<\/p><p class='ays_average'>The average score is 35%<\/p><div class='ays-progress third'>\n                <span class='ays-progress-value third'>0%<\/span>\n                <div class='ays-progress-bg third'>\n                    <div class='ays-progress-bar third' style='width:0%;'><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div><p class='ays_restart_button_p'><button type='button' class='action-button ays_restart_button ays-quiz-keyboard-active'>\n                    <i class='ays_fa ays_fa_undo'><\/i>\n                    <span>Relancer le quiz<\/span>\n                <\/button><\/p><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div><style>\n            div#ays-quiz-container-13 * {\n                box-sizing: border-box;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 [id^='ays_finish_quiz_'] div.step div.ays-abs-fs {\n                width: 90%;\n            }\n\n            \/* Styles for Internet Explorer start *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 {\n                \n            }\n\n            \/* Styles for Quiz container *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13{\n                min-height: 250px;\n                width:800px;\n                background-color:#fff;\n                background-position:center center;border-radius:8px;box-shadow: none;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: #000;}\n\n            \/* Styles for questions *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 div.step {\n                min-height: 250px;\n            }\n\n            \/* Styles for text inside quiz container *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-start-page *:not(input):not([class^='enlighter']),\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_question_hint,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 label[for^=\"ays-answer-\"],\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 p,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .ays-fs-title,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-fs-subtitle,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .logged_in_message,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_score_message,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_message{\n               color: #000000;\n               outline: none;\n            }\n\n            div#ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_question_hint.ays-quiz-keyboard-active,\n            div#ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_restart_button.ays-quiz-keyboard-active {\n                outline: revert;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-password-message-box,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_question,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-question-category-box,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_question *:not([class^='enlighter']) {\n                color: #000000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-question-category-box em {\n                color: #000000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 textarea,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 input::first-letter,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 select::first-letter,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 option::first-letter {\n                color: initial !important;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-13 p::first-letter:not(.ays_no_questions_message) {\n                color: #000000 !important;\n                background-color: transparent !important;\n                font-size: inherit !important;\n                font-weight: inherit !important;\n                float: none !important;\n                line-height: inherit !important;\n                margin: 0 !important;\n                padding: 0 !important;\n            }\n            \n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .select2-container,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field * {\n                font-size: 15px !important;\n            }\n    \n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_question p {\n                font-size: 16px;\n                text-align: inherit;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-fs-subtitle p {\n                text-align:  center ;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_question {\n                text-align:  center ;\n                margin-bottom: 10px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_question pre {\n                max-width: 100%;\n                white-space: break-spaces;\n            }\n\n            \/* Mango theme (Version: 1.4.202301041836) | tid=32449 | Start *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_question img {\n                float: unset;\n                margin: 0;\n            }\n            \/* Mango theme (Version: 1.4.202301041836) | End *\/\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-timer p {\n                font-size: 16px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 section.ays_quiz_redirection_timer_container hr,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 section.ays_quiz_timer_container hr {\n                margin: 0;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 section.ays_quiz_timer_container.ays_quiz_timer_red_warning .ays-quiz-timer {\n                color: #ff0000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_thank_you_fs p {\n                text-align: center;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_results_page .ays_score span {\n                visibility: visible;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 input[type='button'],\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 input[type='submit'] {\n                color: #ffffff !important;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 input[type='button']{\n                outline: none;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .information_form input[type='text'],\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .information_form input[type='url'],\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .information_form input[type='number'],\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .information_form input[type='email'],\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .information_form input[type='checkbox'],\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .information_form input[type='tel'],\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .information_form textarea,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .information_form select,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .information_form option {\n                color: initial !important;\n                outline: none;\n                background-image: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .wrong_answer_text{\n                color:#ff4d4d;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .right_answer_text{\n                color:#33cc33;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .wrong_answer_text p {\n                font-size:15px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_questtion_explanation p {\n                font-size:15px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .wrong_answer_text *:not(strong) {\n                text-transform:none;\n                text-decoration: none;\n                letter-spacing: 0px;\n                font-weight: normal;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_questtion_explanation *:not(strong) {\n                text-transform:none;\n                text-decoration: none;\n                letter-spacing: 0px;\n                font-weight: normal;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .right_answer_text *:not(strong) {\n                text-transform:none;\n                text-decoration: none;\n                letter-spacing: 0px;\n                font-weight: normal;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .right_answer_text p {\n                font-size:15px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box p {\n                font-size:14px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box *:not(strong) {\n                text-transform:none;\n                text-decoration: none;\n                letter-spacing: 0px;\n                font-weight: normal;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_cb_and_a,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_cb_and_a * {\n                color: rgb(0,0,0);\n                text-align: center;\n            }\n\n            \/* Quiz textarea height *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 textarea {\n                height: 100px;\n                min-height: 100px;\n            }\n\n            \/* Quiz rate and passed users count *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quizn_ancnoxneri_qanak,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_rete_avg {\n                color:#fff !important;\n                background-color:#000000;   \n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-questions-container > .ays_quizn_ancnoxneri_qanak {\n                padding: 5px 20px;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.for_quiz_rate.ui.star.rating .icon {\n                color: rgba(0,0,0,0.35);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_rete_avg div.for_quiz_rate_avg.ui.star.rating .icon {\n                color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_rete .ays-quiz-rate-link-box .ays-quiz-rate-link {\n                color: #000000;\n            }\n\n            \/* Loaders *\/            \n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.lds-spinner,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.lds-spinner2 {\n                color: #000000;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.lds-spinner div:after,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.lds-spinner2 div:after {\n                background-color: #000000;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .lds-circle,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .lds-facebook div,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .lds-ellipsis div{\n                background: #000000;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .lds-ripple div{\n                border-color: #000000;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .lds-dual-ring::after,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .lds-hourglass::after{\n                border-color: #000000 transparent #000000 transparent;\n            }\n\n            \/* Stars *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ui.rating .icon,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ui.rating .icon:before {\n                font-family: Rating !important;\n            }\n\n            \/* Progress bars *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .ays-progress {\n                border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .ays-progress-bg {\n                background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\n            }    \n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-progress-value {\n                color: #000000;\n                text-align: center;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-progress-bar {\n                background-color: #2f7ba5;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-question-counter .ays-live-bar-wrap {\n                direction:ltr !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-live-bar-fill{\n                color: #000000;\n                border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.8);\n                text-shadow: 0px 0px 5px #fff;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-live-bar-fill.ays-live-fourth,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-live-bar-fill.ays-live-third,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-live-bar-fill.ays-live-second {\n                text-shadow: unset;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-live-bar-percent{\n                display:none;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .ays_average {\n                text-align: center;\n            }\n            \n            \/* Music, Sound *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_music_sound {\n                color:rgb(0,0,0);\n            }\n\n            \/* Dropdown questions scroll bar *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 blockquote {\n                border-left-color: #000000 !important;                                      \n            }\n\n            \/* Quiz Password *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-start-page > input[id^='ays_quiz_password_val_'],\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-password-toggle-visibility-box {\n                width: 100%;\n            }\n\n\n            \/* Question hint *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_question_hint_container .ays_question_hint_text {\n                background-color:#fff;\n                box-shadow: 0 0 15px 3px rgba(201,201,201,0.6);\n                max-width: 270px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_question_hint_container .ays_question_hint_text p {\n                max-width: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-additonal-box {\n                display: flex;\n                justify-content: flex-end;\n                align-items: center;\n                position: relative;  \n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_questions_hint_max_width_class {\n                max-width: 80%;\n            }\n\n            \/* Information form *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-form-title{\n                color:rgb(0,0,0);\n            }\n\n            \/* Quiz timer *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.ays-quiz-redirection-timer,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.ays-quiz-timer{\n                color: #000000;\n                text-align: center;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.ays-quiz-timer.ays-quiz-message-before-timer:before {\n                font-weight: 500;\n            }\n\n            \/* Quiz title \/ transformation *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-fs-title{\n                text-transform: uppercase;\n                font-size: 23px;\n                text-align: center;\n                    text-shadow: none;\n            }\n            \n            \/* Quiz buttons *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_arrow {\n                color:#ffffff!important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 input#ays-submit,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .action-button,\n            div#ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .action-button.ays_restart_button,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn {\n                background: none;\n                background-color: #2f7ba5;\n                color:#ffffff;\n                font-size: 15px;\n                padding: 10px 20px;\n                border-radius: 8px;\n                height: auto;\n                letter-spacing: 0;\n                box-shadow: unset;\n                width: auto;\n                \/* border: unset; *\/\n                min-height: unset;\n                line-height: normal;\n                text-shadow: unset;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 input#ays-submit,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 input.action-button,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn {\n                \n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .action-button.ays_check_answer {\n                padding: 5px 10px;\n                font-size: 15px !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .action-button.ays_restart_button {\n                white-space: nowrap;\n                padding: 5px 10px;\n                white-space: normal;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 input#ays-submit:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 input#ays-submit:focus,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .action-button:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .action-button:focus,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn:hover {\n                background: none;\n                box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #ffffff;\n                background-color: #2f7ba5;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_restart_button {\n                color: #ffffff;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_restart_button_p,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_buttons_div {\n                justify-content: center;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_finish.action-button{\n                margin: 10px 5px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-share-btn.ays-share-btn-branded {\n                color: #fff;\n                display: inline-block;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_results .ays-field.checked_answer_div.correct_div input:checked+label {\n                background-color: transparent;\n            }\n                        \n            \/* Question answers *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field {\n                    border-color: #dddddd;\n                    border-style: solid;\n                    border-width: 1px;\n                    box-shadow: none;flex-direction: row-reverse;\n            }\n            \n\n            \/* Answer maximum length of a text field *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_question_text_message{\n                color: #000000;\n                text-align: left;\n                font-size: 12px;\n            }\n\n            div#ays-quiz-container-13 div.ays_quiz_question_text_error_message {\n                color: #ff0000;\n            }\n\n            \/* Questions answer image *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-answer-image {\n                width:15em;\n                height:150px;\n                object-fit: cover;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-answers .ays-field:hover{\n                opacity: 1;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .ays-field label.ays_answer_caption[for^='ays-answer-'] {\n                z-index: 1;\n                position:initial;bottom:0;}\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .ays-field input~label[for^='ays-answer-'] {\n                padding: 5px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .ays-field {\n                margin-bottom: 12px;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .ays-field.ays_grid_view_item {\n                width: calc(50% - 6px);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .ays-field.ays_grid_view_item:nth-child(odd) {\n                margin-right: 6px;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .ays-field input:checked+label:before {\n                border-color: #2f7ba5;\n                background: #2f7ba5;\n                background-clip: content-box;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-answers div.ays-text-right-answer {\n                color: #000000;\n            }\n                        \n            \/* Questions answer right\/wrong icons *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field input~label.answered.correct:after{\n                content: url('http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-maker\/public\/images\/correct.png');          }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field input~label.answered.wrong:after{\n                content: url('http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-maker\/public\/images\/wrong.png');\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field label.answered:last-of-type:after{\n                display: none;\n                height: auto;\n                left: 10px;top: 10px;}\n            \/* Dropdown questions *\/            \n            #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single {\n                border-bottom: 2px solid #2f7ba5;\n                background-color: #2f7ba5;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__placeholder,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow {\n                color: #ffffff;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .select2-container--default .select2-search--dropdown .select2-search__field:focus,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .select2-container--default .select2-search--dropdown .select2-search__field {\n                outline: unset;\n                padding: 0.75rem;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .select2-container--default .select2-results__option--highlighted[aria-selected] {\n                background-color: #2f7ba5;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field .select2-container--default,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field .select2-container--default .selection,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field .select2-container--default .dropdown-wrapper,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered .select2-selection__placeholder,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow b[role='presentation'] {\n                font-size: 16px !important;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .select2-container--default .select2-results__option {\n                padding: 6px;\n            }\n            \n            \/* Dropdown questions scroll bar *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar {\n                width: 7px;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar-track {\n                background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\n                transition: .3s ease-in-out;\n                background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.55);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {\n                transition: .3s ease-in-out;\n                background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.85);\n            }\n\n            \/* Audio \/ Video *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .mejs-container .mejs-time{\n                box-sizing: unset;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .mejs-container .mejs-time-rail {\n                padding-top: 15px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .mejs-container .mejs-mediaelement video {\n                margin: 0;\n            }\n\n            \/* Limitation *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-limitation-count-of-takers {\n                padding: 50px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block span.ays-show-res-toggle.ays-res-toggle-show,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block span.ays-show-res-toggle.ays-res-toggle-hide{\n                color: #000000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle {\n                border: 1px solid #000000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle {\n                border: 1px solid #000000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after{\n                background: #000000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_elegant_dark div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_rect_dark div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after{\n                background: #000;\n            }\n\n            \/* Hestia theme (Version: 3.0.16) | Start *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button {\n                box-shadow: unset;\n                background-color: transparent;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button {\n                margin: 10px 6px;\n            }\n            \/* Hestia theme (Version: 3.0.16) | End *\/\n\n            \/* Go theme (Version: 1.4.3) | Start *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 label[for^='ays-answer']:before,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 label[for^='ays-answer']:before {\n                -webkit-mask-image: unset;\n                mask-image: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-field input:checked+label.answered.correct:before,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_dark .ays-field input:checked+label.answered.correct:before {\n                background-color: #2f7ba5 !important;\n                background-color: rgba(39,174,96, 1) !important;\n            }\n            \/* Go theme (Version: 1.4.3) | End *\/\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_results fieldset.ays_fieldset .ays_quiz_question .wp-video {\n                width: 100% !important;\n                max-width: 100%;\n            }\n\n            \/* Classic Dark \/ Classic Light *\/\n            \/* Dropdown questions right\/wrong styles *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_dark .correct_div,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_light .correct_div{\n                border-color:green !important;\n                opacity: 1 !important;\n                background-color: rgba(39,174,96,0.4) !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_dark .correct_div .selected-field,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_light .correct_div .selected-field {\n                padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px;\n                color: green !important;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_dark .wrong_div,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_light .wrong_div{\n                border-color:red !important;\n                opacity: 1 !important;\n                background-color: rgba(243,134,129,0.4) !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_dark .ays-field.checked_answer_div.wrong_div input:checked~label,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-field.checked_answer_div.wrong_div input:checked~label {\n                background-color: rgba(243,134,129,0.4) !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_dark .ays-field,\n            #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-field {\n                text-align: left;\n                \/*margin-bottom: 10px;*\/\n                padding: 0;\n                transition: .3s ease-in-out;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-close-full-screen {\n                fill: #000000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-open-full-screen {\n                fill: #000000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_login_form p{\n                color: #000000;\n            }\n\n            \/* report questions modal start *\/\n            .ays-modal-reports {\n                display: none;\n                position: fixed;\n                z-index: 9999;\n                left: 0;\n                top: 0;\n                width: 100%;\n                height: 100%;\n                overflow: auto;\n                background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\n                animation-duration: .5s;\n                background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-modal-content-reports {\n                background-color: #fefefe;\n                margin: 10% auto;\n                border: 1px solid #888;\n                max-width: 500px;\n                width: 100%;\n                border-radius: 10px;\n                padding: 20px;\n                box-sizing: border-box;\n                position: relative;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-modal-content-reports label{\n                display: block;\n                margin-bottom: 10px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                letter-spacing: normal;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-modal-content-reports textarea {\n                display: block;\n                width: 100%;\n                height: 100px;\n                padding: 5px;\n                box-sizing: border-box;\n                border-radius: 5px;\n                border: 1px solid #ccc;\n                max-width: 100%;\n                max-height: 500px;\n                resize: vertical;\n                transition: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-modal-content-reports input.ays-quiz-submit-question-report {\n                background-color: #0073aa;\n                color: #fff !important;\n                border: none;\n                border-radius: 5px;\n                padding: 10px 20px;\n                cursor: pointer;\n                margin-top: 20px;\n                line-height: normal;\n                letter-spacing: normal;\n                box-shadow: unset;\n                background-image: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-close-reports-window {\n                color: #aaa;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                position: absolute;\n                top: 1%;\n                right: 1%;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-close-reports-window img {\n                box-shadow: unset;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-quiz-preloader img {\n                box-shadow: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-close-reports-window img:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-close-reports-window img:focus {\n                cursor: pointer;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-quiz-question-report-error {\n                display: none;\n                font-size: 13px;\n                color: #f00;\n                text-align: left;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-quiz-question-report-textarea-label,\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-quiz-question-report-title {\n                text-align: left;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays_quiz_modal_overlay {\n                width: 100%;\n                height: 100%;\n                position: fixed;\n                top: 0;\n                left: 0;\n                position: absolute;\n                z-index: 1000000000;\n                flex-direction: column;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-13 .ays-quiz-container .ays-quiz-user-c\u0570oosing-anonymous-assessment {\n                margin: 10px 0;\n            }\n\n            \/* report questions modal end *\/\n\n            @media screen and (max-width: 768px){\n                #ays-quiz-container-13{\n                    max-width: 100%;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-13 [id^='ays_finish_quiz_'] div.step div.ays-abs-fs {\n                    width: 90%;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_quiz_question p {\n                    font-size: 16px;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 .select2-container,\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field * {\n                    font-size: 13px !important;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-13 input#ays-submit,\n                div#ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .action-button,\n                div#ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .action-button.ays_restart_button,\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn,\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn {\n                    font-size: 13px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Quiz title \/ mobile font size *\/\n                div#ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-fs-title {\n                    font-size: 13px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Question explanation \/ mobile font size *\/\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_questtion_explanation p {\n                    font-size:14px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Wrong answers \/ mobile font size *\/\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 .wrong_answer_text p {\n                    font-size:14px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Right answers \/ mobile font size *\/\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 .right_answer_text p {\n                    font-size:14px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Note text \/ mobile font size *\/\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box p {\n                    font-size:14px;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box *:not(strong) {\n                    text-transform:none;\n                    text-decoration: none;\n                    letter-spacing: 0px;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-13 .ays_questtion_explanation *:not(strong) {\n                    text-transform:none;\n                    text-decoration: none;\n                    letter-spacing: 0px;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-13 .right_answer_text *:not(strong) {\n                    text-transform:none;\n                    text-decoration: none;\n                    letter-spacing: 0px;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-13 .wrong_answer_text *:not(strong) {\n                    text-transform:none;\n                    text-decoration: none;\n                    letter-spacing: 0px;\n                }\n            }\n            \/* Custom css styles *\/\n            \n            \n            \/* RTL direction styles *\/\n            \n        <\/style>\n            <style>\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 p {\n                    margin: 0.625em;\n                }\n                \n                #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label {\n                    background-color: rgba(47,123,165,0.6);\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_light  .ays_quiz_results .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_dark  .ays_quiz_results .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_light  .enable_correction .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_dark  .enable_correction .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label {\n                    background-color: transparent;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_light  .ays_quiz_results .not_influence_to_score .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_dark  .ays_quiz_results .not_influence_to_score .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_light  .enable_correction .not_influence_to_score .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-13.ays_quiz_classic_dark  .enable_correction .not_influence_to_score .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label {\n                    background-color: rgba(47,123,165,0.6);\n                }\n                \n                #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label:hover {\n                    background-color: rgba(47,123,165,0.8);\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-13.ays-quiz-container.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-questions-container .ays-field:hover label[for^='ays-answer-'],\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-field:hover{\n                    background: rgba(47,123,165,0.8);\n                    \/* border-radius: 4px; *\/\n                    color: #fff;\n                    transition: all .3s;\n                }\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .action-button:hover,\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 #ays_finish_quiz_13 .action-button:focus,\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn:hover,\n                #ays-quiz-container-13 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn:focus {\n                    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px white, 0 0 0 3px #2f7ba5;\n                    background: #2f7ba5;\n                }\n            <\/style><script>\n                if(typeof aysQuizOptions === 'undefined'){\n                    var aysQuizOptions = [];\n                }\n                aysQuizOptions['13']  = '{"quiz_version":"6.7.0.90","core_version":"6.5.8","php_version":"8.3.31","color":"#2f7ba5","bg_color":"#fff","text_color":"#000000","height":250,"width":800,"enable_logged_users":"off","information_form":"disable","form_name":null,"form_email":null,"form_phone":null,"image_width":"","image_height":"","enable_correction":"off","enable_progress_bar":"on","enable_questions_result":"on","randomize_questions":"on","randomize_answers":"on","enable_questions_counter":"on","enable_restriction_pass":"off","restriction_pass_message":"","user_role":[],"custom_css":"","limit_users":"off","limitation_message":"","redirect_url":"","redirection_delay":0,"answers_view":"list","enable_rtl_direction":"off","enable_logged_users_message":"","questions_count":"10","enable_question_bank":"on","enable_live_progress_bar":"off","enable_percent_view":"off","enable_average_statistical":"on","enable_next_button":"on","enable_previous_button":"on","enable_arrows":"off","timer_text":"Ce Quiz comporte 10 QRM\r\nChaque question a une seule r\u00e9ponse exacte\r\nUn minimum de 80% de r\u00e9ponses exactes est requis\r\nLe temps imparti est de 5 mn au maximum","quiz_theme":"classic_light","enable_social_buttons":"off","result_text":"","enable_pass_count":"off","hide_score":"off","rate_form_title":"","box_shadow_color":"#c9c9c9","quiz_border_radius":"8","quiz_bg_image":"","quiz_border_width":"1","quiz_border_style":"solid","quiz_border_color":"#000","quiz_loader":"default","create_date":null,"author":"{\"id\":\"1\",\"name\":\"admin\"}","quest_animation":"none","form_title":"","enable_bg_music":"off","quiz_bg_music":"","answers_font_size":15,"show_create_date":"off","show_author":"off","enable_early_finish":"off","answers_rw_texts":"on_results_page","disable_store_data":"off","enable_background_gradient":"off","background_gradient_color_1":"#000","background_gradient_color_2":"#fff","quiz_gradient_direction":"vertical","redirect_after_submit":"off","submit_redirect_url":"","submit_redirect_delay":"0","progress_bar_style":"third","enable_exit_button":"off","exit_redirect_url":"","image_sizing":"cover","quiz_bg_image_position":"center center","custom_class":"","enable_social_links":"off","social_links":{"linkedin_link":"","facebook_link":"","twitter_link":"","vkontakte_link":"","instagram_link":"","youtube_link":"","behance_link":""},"show_quiz_title":"on","show_quiz_desc":"on","show_login_form":"off","mobile_max_width":"","limit_users_by":"ip","active_date_check":"off","activeInterval":"2026-07-29 11:20:48","deactiveInterval":"2026-07-29 11:20:48","active_date_pre_start_message":"Le quiz sera bient\u00f4t disponible\u00a0!","active_date_message":"Le quiz a expir\u00e9\u00a0!","explanation_time":"4","enable_clear_answer":"off","show_category":"off","show_question_category":"off","display_score":"by_percantage","enable_rw_asnwers_sounds":"off","ans_right_wrong_icon":"default","quiz_bg_img_in_finish_page":"off","finish_after_wrong_answer":"off","after_timer_text":"Le temps imparti est \u00e9coul\u00e9","enable_enter_key":"on","buttons_text_color":"#ffffff","buttons_position":"center","show_questions_explanation":"on_results_page","enable_audio_autoplay":"off","buttons_size":"medium","buttons_font_size":"15","buttons_width":"","buttons_left_right_padding":"20","buttons_top_bottom_padding":"10","buttons_border_radius":"8","enable_leave_page":"on","enable_tackers_count":"off","tackers_count":"","pass_score":80,"pass_score_message":"<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">F\u00e9licitations\u00a0!<\/h4>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Vous avez r\u00e9ussi le quiz\u00a0!<\/p>","fail_score_message":"<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">Oups\u00a0!<\/h4>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Vous n\u2019avez pas r\u00e9ussi le quiz\u00a0!\r\nR\u00e9essayez\u00a0!<\/p>","question_font_size":16,"quiz_width_by_percentage_px":"pixels","questions_hint_icon_or_text":"default","questions_hint_value":"","enable_early_finsh_comfirm_box":"on","enable_questions_ordering_by_cat":"off","show_schedule_timer":"off","show_timer_type":"countdown","quiz_loader_text_value":"","hide_correct_answers":"off","show_information_form":"on","quiz_loader_custom_gif":"","disable_hover_effect":"off","quiz_loader_custom_gif_width":100,"progress_live_bar_style":"default","quiz_title_transformation":"uppercase","show_answers_numbering":"none","quiz_image_width_by_percentage_px":"pixels","quiz_image_height":"","quiz_bg_img_on_start_page":"off","quiz_box_shadow_x_offset":0,"quiz_box_shadow_y_offset":0,"quiz_box_shadow_z_offset":15,"quiz_question_text_alignment":"center","quiz_arrow_type":"default","quiz_show_wrong_answers_first":"off","quiz_display_all_questions":"on","quiz_timer_red_warning":"on","quiz_schedule_timezone":"UTC+0","questions_hint_button_value":"","quiz_tackers_message":"Ce quiz a expir\u00e9\u00a0!","quiz_enable_linkedin_share_button":"on","quiz_enable_facebook_share_button":"on","quiz_enable_twitter_share_button":"on","quiz_make_responses_anonymous":"off","quiz_make_all_review_link":"off","show_questions_numbering":"none","quiz_message_before_timer":"Le d\u00e9compte du temps a commenc\u00e9","enable_password":"off","password_quiz":"","quiz_password_message":"","enable_see_result_confirm_box":"off","display_fields_labels":"off","enable_full_screen_mode":"off","quiz_enable_password_visibility":"off","question_mobile_font_size":16,"answers_mobile_font_size":13,"social_buttons_heading":"","quiz_enable_vkontakte_share_button":"on","answers_border":"on","answers_border_width":1,"answers_border_style":"solid","answers_border_color":"#dddddd","ans_img_height":"150","show_answers_caption":"on","ans_img_caption_position":"bottom","social_links_heading":"","quiz_enable_question_category_description":"off","answers_margin":12,"quiz_message_before_redirect_timer":"","buttons_mobile_font_size":13,"answers_box_shadow":"off","answers_box_shadow_color":"#000","quiz_answer_box_shadow_x_offset":0,"quiz_answer_box_shadow_y_offset":0,"quiz_answer_box_shadow_z_offset":10,"quiz_create_author":1,"quiz_enable_title_text_shadow":"off","quiz_title_text_shadow_color":"#333","quiz_title_text_shadow_x_offset":2,"quiz_title_text_shadow_y_offset":2,"quiz_title_text_shadow_z_offset":2,"quiz_show_only_wrong_answers":"off","quiz_title_font_size":23,"quiz_title_mobile_font_size":13,"quiz_password_width":"","quiz_review_placeholder_text":"","quiz_make_review_required":"off","quiz_enable_results_toggle":"off","quiz_review_thank_you_message":"","quiz_review_enable_comment_field":"on","quest_explanation_font_size":15,"quest_explanation_mobile_font_size":14,"quiz_waiting_time":"off","wrong_answers_font_size":15,"wrong_answers_mobile_font_size":14,"quiz_enable_question_image_zoom":"off","right_answers_font_size":15,"right_answers_mobile_font_size":14,"quiz_display_messages_before_buttons":"off","quiz_enable_user_c\u0570oosing_anonymous_assessment":"off","note_text_font_size":14,"note_text_mobile_font_size":14,"quiz_questions_numbering_by_category":"off","quiz_enable_custom_texts_for_buttons":"off","quiz_custom_texts_start_button":"Start","quiz_custom_texts_next_button":"Next","quiz_custom_texts_prev_button":"Prev","quiz_custom_texts_clear_button":"Clear","quiz_custom_texts_finish_button":"Finish","quiz_custom_texts_see_results_button":"See Result","quiz_custom_texts_restart_quiz_button":"Restart quiz","quiz_custom_texts_send_feedback_button":"Send feedback","quiz_custom_texts_load_more_button":"Load more","quiz_custom_texts_exit_button":"Exit","quiz_custom_texts_check_button":"Check","quiz_custom_texts_login_button":"Log In","quiz_enable_quiz_category_description":"off","quiz_admin_note_text_transform":"none","quiz_quest_explanation_text_transform":"none","quiz_right_answer_text_transform":"none","quiz_wrong_answer_text_transform":"none","quiz_admin_note_text_decoration":"none","quiz_quest_explanation_text_decoration":"none","quiz_right_answers_text_decoration":"none","quiz_wrong_answers_text_decoration":"none","quiz_admin_note_letter_spacing":"0","quiz_bg_img_during_the_quiz":"off","quiz_quest_explanation_letter_spacing":"0","quiz_right_answers_letter_spacing":"0","quiz_wrong_answers_letter_spacing":"0","quiz_admin_note_font_weight":"normal","quiz_quest_explanation_font_weight":"normal","quiz_right_answers_font_weight":"normal","quiz_wrong_answers_font_weight":"normal","quiz_content_max_width":90,"quiz_content_mobile_max_width":90,"quiz_timer_warning_text_color":"#ff0000","quiz_enable_default_hide_results_toggle":"off","quiz_show_restart_button_on_quiz_fail":"off","quiz_disable_input_focusing":"off","quiz_enable_keyboard_navigation":"on","quiz_admin_note_mobile_text_transform":"none","quiz_quest_explanation_mobile_text_transform":"none","quiz_right_answer_mobile_text_transform":"none","quiz_wrong_answer_mobile_text_transform":"none","quiz_admin_note_mobile_text_decoration":"none","quiz_dont_show_quiz":"off","enable_questions_reporting":"off","quiz_quest_explanation_mobile_text_decoration":"none","quiz_right_answers_mobile_text_decoration":"none","quiz_wrong_answers_mobile_text_decoration":"none","quiz_admin_note_mobile_letter_spacing":"0","quiz_quest_explanation_mobile_letter_spacing":"0","quiz_right_answers_mobile_letter_spacing":"0","quiz_wrong_answers_mobile_letter_spacing":"0","required_fields":null,"enable_timer":"on","enable_quiz_rate":"off","enable_rate_avg":"off","enable_box_shadow":"off","enable_border":"on","quiz_timer_in_title":"off","enable_rate_comments":"off","enable_restart_button":"on","autofill_user_data":"off","timer":300,"submit_redirect_after":"","rw_answers_sounds":false,"id":"13","title":"TUMEURS APPENDICULAIRES (HORS TNE)","description":"","quiz_image":"","quiz_category_id":"5","question_ids":"415,414,413,412,411,416,410,409,408,407,406,405,404,403,402,401,400,399,398,397,396,395,394,393,392,391,390,389,388,387,386,385,384,383,382,381,380,379,378,377,376,375,374,373,372","ordering":"13","published":"1","intervals":null,"quiz_url":"","author_id":"1","custom_post_id":"8995","quiz_animation_top":100,"quiz_enable_animation_top":"on"}';\n        <\/script>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='quiz_id' value='13'\/>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='start_date' class='ays-start-date'\/>\n                <\/form><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3524b10 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"3524b10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8aad886\" data-id=\"8aad886\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d63a88f elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d63a88f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">PODCAST<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9aebebb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"9aebebb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ea477e\" data-id=\"1ea477e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d875f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"3d875f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- ===== Lecteur audio ===== --> <div style=\"max-width:640px;margin:1rem auto;padding:16px 20px;border:1px solid #d6e3eb;border-radius:12px;background:#f4f8fa;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;\"> <p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#1f3d52;\"> Podcast \u2014 Tumeurs appendiculaires (hors TNE) <\/p> <audio controls preload=\"metadata\" style=\"width:100%;\"> <source src= https:\/\/www.echonews.fr\/essai\/podcast.mp3 type=\"audio\/mpeg\"> Votre navigateur ne permet pas la lecture audio. <a href=\"mon-fichier-audio.mp3\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le fichier<\/a>. <\/audio> <\/div> <!-- ===== Fin du lecteur ===== -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c4f53\" data-id=\"22c4f53\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29034c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"29034c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/illustr-podcast.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9009\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/illustr-podcast.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/illustr-podcast-300x300.jpg 300w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/illustr-podcast-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/illustr-podcast-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-958a9bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"958a9bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d19ed5a\" data-id=\"d19ed5a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tumeurs appendiculaires (hors TNE) Dr C\u00e9cile Dupont Hm-envelop Linkedin Dr Pierre durand Hm-envelop Youtube Linkedin FICHE-SYNTH\u00c8SE G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s Les tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales appendiculaires sont rares (0,9 \u00e0 1,4 % des pi\u00e8ces d&#8217;appendicectomie ; les n\u00e9oplasies neuroendocrines, trait\u00e9es \u00e0 part, en repr\u00e9sentent 95 %). Souvent asymptomatiques ou r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es par des douleurs abdominales, une masse ou une perte de poids, elles sont le plus souvent d\u00e9couvertes fortuitement sur la pi\u00e8ce op\u00e9ratoire (\u2248 2\/3 des cas). Leur enjeu majeur est le risque de pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al (PMP) en cas de tumeur mucineuse perfor\u00e9e. On note une forte association aux n\u00e9oplasies colorectales (polypes coliques dans 44 % des cas). Anatomopathologie La classification PSOGI 2016 distingue : les l\u00e9sions pr\u00e9curseurs (polypes hyperplasiques, ad\u00e9nomes dentel\u00e9s) ; les n\u00e9oplasies mucineuses de bas grade (LAMN) et de haut grade (HAMN) ; les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux (\u00b1 cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton), non mucineux (type colorectal) ; et le goblet cell adenocarcinoma (tumeur mixte \u00e0 comportement agressif). Un point cl\u00e9 de la mise \u00e0 jour 2026 : le corrigendum OMS 2021 a remplac\u00e9 la d\u00e9signation \u00ab borderline \u00bb par \u00ab in situ \u00bb ; LAMN et HAMN sont d\u00e9sormais des tumeurs malignes in situ ou invasives. La totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice doit \u00eatre analys\u00e9e, et une relecture RENAPATH est recommand\u00e9e en cas de doute. Bilan Une TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne inject\u00e9e est le seul examen recommand\u00e9 (grade A), compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par une coloscopie. L&#8217;IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale est une option (grade C), utile pour les tumeurs mucineuses. La TEP-FDG n&#8217;a pas de place. Les marqueurs (ACE, CA-125, CA-19-9) ont un apport modeste, surtout au suivi. Traitement chirurgical. Il est la base du traitement curatif. Tout appendice distendu doit \u00eatre manipul\u00e9 avec pr\u00e9caution (\u00e9viter la rupture), avec cytologie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale et extraction prot\u00e9g\u00e9e. La colectomie droite avec curage (\u2265 12 ganglions) s&#8217;impose pour les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux et le goblet cell adenocarcinoma. Nouveaut\u00e9 2026 : pour une HAMN non perfor\u00e9e et confirm\u00e9e par RENAPATH, la colectomie droite n&#8217;est plus indiqu\u00e9e (surveillance). En cas d&#8217;atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale, une chirurgie de cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te (CCR) suivie de CHIP est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en centre expert. Les protocoles de CHIP recommand\u00e9s associent cisplatine et mitomycine C (90 min, 41 \u00b0C) ; alternatives : mitomycine C seule ou oxaliplatine. Une strat\u00e9gie \u00ab wait and see \u00bb est envisageable pour les tumeurs de bas grade \u00e0 envahissement minimal, surtout chez les jeunes femmes. Traitement m\u00e9dical. R\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux formes agressives, il repose sur des chimioth\u00e9rapies \u00e0 base de 5FU (FOLFOX-4), \u00b1 bevacizumab. En maladie non r\u00e9s\u00e9cable, le palbociclib est une option si mutation GNAS (premi\u00e8re cible sp\u00e9cifique identifi\u00e9e). Les donn\u00e9es sur la chimioth\u00e9rapie p\u00e9ri-op\u00e9ratoire restent discordantes. Surveillance. TDM tous les 3 \u00e0 6 mois pendant 2 ans, puis annuelle 5 ans ; IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale en centre expert pour les formes mucineuses. Toute situation complexe doit \u00eatre discut\u00e9e en RCP RENAPE. \u00c0 retenir Analyse compl\u00e8te de l&#8217;appendice, relecture RENAPATH, d\u00e9sescalade pour la HAMN non perfor\u00e9e, CCR + CHIP en centre expert pour l&#8217;atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale. FAQ Qu&#8217;en est-il des tumeurs neuroendocrines ? Les NNE repr\u00e9sentent \u00e0 elles seules environ 95 % des tumeurs d\u00e9couvertes sur pi\u00e8ce d&#8217;appendicectomie. \u00c0 quelle fr\u00e9quence ces tumeurs sont-elles d\u00e9couvertes ? Les tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales appendiculaires sont identifi\u00e9es dans 0,9 \u00e0 1,4 % des pi\u00e8ces d&#8217;appendicectomie. La mucoc\u00e8le appendiculaire est diagnostiqu\u00e9e chez 0,2 \u00e0 0,3 % des patients op\u00e9r\u00e9s. Le mode de d\u00e9couverte le plus fr\u00e9quent (environ 2\/3 des cas) reste la d\u00e9couverte fortuite sur pi\u00e8ce op\u00e9ratoire. Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;une LAMN et qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;une HAMN ? La LAMN est une n\u00e9oplasie mucineuse appendiculaire de bas grade : \u00e9pith\u00e9lium mucos\u00e9cr\u00e9tant bien diff\u00e9renci\u00e9, atypies de bas grade, extension expansive \u00ab pushing type \u00bb sans infiltration destructrice. La HAMN pr\u00e9sente la m\u00eame architecture mais avec des atypies cyto-nucl\u00e9aires de haut grade. Toutes deux peuvent, si perfor\u00e9es, \u00eatre \u00e0 l&#8217;origine d&#8217;un pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al. Quel est le changement majeur de terminologie apport\u00e9 par la mise \u00e0 jour 2026 ? Le corrigendum de la classification OMS 2021 a remplac\u00e9 la d\u00e9signation initiale \u00ab borderline \u00bb par \u00ab in situ \u00bb pour les LAMN et HAMN. Depuis 2022, elles sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des tumeurs malignes in situ ou invasives, et non plus comme des l\u00e9sions de potentiel incertain. Pourquoi la totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice doit-elle \u00eatre analys\u00e9e ? Parce que le diagnostic de stade pTis (et donc les d\u00e9cisions de d\u00e9sescalade) n&#8217;est fiable qu&#8217;apr\u00e8s inclusion et analyse histologique de la totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice. C&#8217;est un accord d&#8217;experts formel. L&#8217;atteinte ou l&#8217;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de la base appendiculaire doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e, l&#8217;encrage de la section proximale aidant \u00e0 cette \u00e9valuation. Quand faut-il demander une relecture RENAPATH ? Une relecture par les anatomopathologistes du groupe RENAPATH (TENpath pour les tumeurs neuroendocrines) est propos\u00e9e en cas de doute diagnostique. Elle est particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9cisive pour la HAMN, car sa confirmation conditionne la d\u00e9sescalade chirurgicale (abandon de la colectomie droite). Quel bilan d&#8217;imagerie initial est recommand\u00e9 ? Une TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne avec injection de produit de contraste iod\u00e9 est le seul examen recommand\u00e9 pour le bilan (grade A). Une coloscopie compl\u00e8te est recommand\u00e9e pour exclure une seconde localisation. L&#8217;IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale est une option (grade C), utile surtout pour les tumeurs mucineuses. Y a-t-il une place pour la TEP-FDG ? Non, la 18FDG-TEP n&#8217;a aucune place dans le bilan de ces tumeurs, hormis pour caract\u00e9riser une l\u00e9sion extra-abdominale douteuse identifi\u00e9e en TDM (accord d&#8217;experts). Comment doit-on manipuler un appendice distendu \u00e9voquant un mucoc\u00e8le ? Avec une extr\u00eame pr\u00e9caution, pour \u00e9viter toute extravasation de mucus ou rupture dans la cavit\u00e9 p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale. Il faut r\u00e9aliser une cytologie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale, une exploration compl\u00e8te quadrant par quadrant, et extraire la pi\u00e8ce dans un sac d&#8217;extraction sur la ligne m\u00e9diane (accords d&#8217;experts). Dans quels cas la colectomie droite est-elle indiqu\u00e9e ? Pour les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux (quel que soit le grade, avec ou sans cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton) et le goblet cell adenocarcinoma (grade C), avec anastomose il\u00e9o-colique, curage et pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement d&#8217;au moins 12 ganglions. Elle n&#8217;est pas indiqu\u00e9e pour les tumeurs de bas grade ni pour les PMP \u00e0 mucine acellulaire ou de bas grade. Pourquoi la colectomie droite n&#8217;est-elle plus indiqu\u00e9e pour certaines HAMN ? C&#8217;est la d\u00e9sescalade phare de 2026 &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Tumeurs appendiculaires(hors TNE)<\/span> Lire la suite\u00a0\u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tumeurs appendiculaires(hors TNE) -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, nofollow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tumeurs appendiculaires(hors TNE) -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tumeurs appendiculaires (hors TNE) Dr C\u00e9cile Dupont Hm-envelop Linkedin Dr Pierre durand Hm-envelop Youtube Linkedin FICHE-SYNTH\u00c8SE G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s Les tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales appendiculaires sont rares (0,9 \u00e0 1,4 % des pi\u00e8ces d&#8217;appendicectomie ; les n\u00e9oplasies neuroendocrines, trait\u00e9es \u00e0 part, en repr\u00e9sentent 95 %). Souvent asymptomatiques ou r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es par des douleurs abdominales, une masse ou une perte de poids, elles sont le plus souvent d\u00e9couvertes fortuitement sur la pi\u00e8ce op\u00e9ratoire (\u2248 2\/3 des cas). Leur enjeu majeur est le risque de pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al (PMP) en cas de tumeur mucineuse perfor\u00e9e. On note une forte association aux n\u00e9oplasies colorectales (polypes coliques dans 44 % des cas). Anatomopathologie La classification PSOGI 2016 distingue : les l\u00e9sions pr\u00e9curseurs (polypes hyperplasiques, ad\u00e9nomes dentel\u00e9s) ; les n\u00e9oplasies mucineuses de bas grade (LAMN) et de haut grade (HAMN) ; les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux (\u00b1 cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton), non mucineux (type colorectal) ; et le goblet cell adenocarcinoma (tumeur mixte \u00e0 comportement agressif). Un point cl\u00e9 de la mise \u00e0 jour 2026 : le corrigendum OMS 2021 a remplac\u00e9 la d\u00e9signation \u00ab borderline \u00bb par \u00ab in situ \u00bb ; LAMN et HAMN sont d\u00e9sormais des tumeurs malignes in situ ou invasives. La totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice doit \u00eatre analys\u00e9e, et une relecture RENAPATH est recommand\u00e9e en cas de doute. Bilan Une TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne inject\u00e9e est le seul examen recommand\u00e9 (grade A), compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par une coloscopie. L&#8217;IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale est une option (grade C), utile pour les tumeurs mucineuses. La TEP-FDG n&#8217;a pas de place. Les marqueurs (ACE, CA-125, CA-19-9) ont un apport modeste, surtout au suivi. Traitement chirurgical. Il est la base du traitement curatif. Tout appendice distendu doit \u00eatre manipul\u00e9 avec pr\u00e9caution (\u00e9viter la rupture), avec cytologie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale et extraction prot\u00e9g\u00e9e. La colectomie droite avec curage (\u2265 12 ganglions) s&#8217;impose pour les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux et le goblet cell adenocarcinoma. Nouveaut\u00e9 2026 : pour une HAMN non perfor\u00e9e et confirm\u00e9e par RENAPATH, la colectomie droite n&#8217;est plus indiqu\u00e9e (surveillance). En cas d&#8217;atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale, une chirurgie de cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te (CCR) suivie de CHIP est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en centre expert. Les protocoles de CHIP recommand\u00e9s associent cisplatine et mitomycine C (90 min, 41 \u00b0C) ; alternatives : mitomycine C seule ou oxaliplatine. Une strat\u00e9gie \u00ab wait and see \u00bb est envisageable pour les tumeurs de bas grade \u00e0 envahissement minimal, surtout chez les jeunes femmes. Traitement m\u00e9dical. R\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux formes agressives, il repose sur des chimioth\u00e9rapies \u00e0 base de 5FU (FOLFOX-4), \u00b1 bevacizumab. En maladie non r\u00e9s\u00e9cable, le palbociclib est une option si mutation GNAS (premi\u00e8re cible sp\u00e9cifique identifi\u00e9e). Les donn\u00e9es sur la chimioth\u00e9rapie p\u00e9ri-op\u00e9ratoire restent discordantes. Surveillance. TDM tous les 3 \u00e0 6 mois pendant 2 ans, puis annuelle 5 ans ; IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale en centre expert pour les formes mucineuses. Toute situation complexe doit \u00eatre discut\u00e9e en RCP RENAPE. \u00c0 retenir Analyse compl\u00e8te de l&#8217;appendice, relecture RENAPATH, d\u00e9sescalade pour la HAMN non perfor\u00e9e, CCR + CHIP en centre expert pour l&#8217;atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale. FAQ Qu&#8217;en est-il des tumeurs neuroendocrines ? Les NNE repr\u00e9sentent \u00e0 elles seules environ 95 % des tumeurs d\u00e9couvertes sur pi\u00e8ce d&#8217;appendicectomie. \u00c0 quelle fr\u00e9quence ces tumeurs sont-elles d\u00e9couvertes ? Les tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales appendiculaires sont identifi\u00e9es dans 0,9 \u00e0 1,4 % des pi\u00e8ces d&#8217;appendicectomie. La mucoc\u00e8le appendiculaire est diagnostiqu\u00e9e chez 0,2 \u00e0 0,3 % des patients op\u00e9r\u00e9s. Le mode de d\u00e9couverte le plus fr\u00e9quent (environ 2\/3 des cas) reste la d\u00e9couverte fortuite sur pi\u00e8ce op\u00e9ratoire. Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;une LAMN et qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;une HAMN ? La LAMN est une n\u00e9oplasie mucineuse appendiculaire de bas grade : \u00e9pith\u00e9lium mucos\u00e9cr\u00e9tant bien diff\u00e9renci\u00e9, atypies de bas grade, extension expansive \u00ab pushing type \u00bb sans infiltration destructrice. La HAMN pr\u00e9sente la m\u00eame architecture mais avec des atypies cyto-nucl\u00e9aires de haut grade. Toutes deux peuvent, si perfor\u00e9es, \u00eatre \u00e0 l&#8217;origine d&#8217;un pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al. Quel est le changement majeur de terminologie apport\u00e9 par la mise \u00e0 jour 2026 ? Le corrigendum de la classification OMS 2021 a remplac\u00e9 la d\u00e9signation initiale \u00ab borderline \u00bb par \u00ab in situ \u00bb pour les LAMN et HAMN. Depuis 2022, elles sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des tumeurs malignes in situ ou invasives, et non plus comme des l\u00e9sions de potentiel incertain. Pourquoi la totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice doit-elle \u00eatre analys\u00e9e ? Parce que le diagnostic de stade pTis (et donc les d\u00e9cisions de d\u00e9sescalade) n&#8217;est fiable qu&#8217;apr\u00e8s inclusion et analyse histologique de la totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice. C&#8217;est un accord d&#8217;experts formel. L&#8217;atteinte ou l&#8217;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de la base appendiculaire doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e, l&#8217;encrage de la section proximale aidant \u00e0 cette \u00e9valuation. Quand faut-il demander une relecture RENAPATH ? Une relecture par les anatomopathologistes du groupe RENAPATH (TENpath pour les tumeurs neuroendocrines) est propos\u00e9e en cas de doute diagnostique. Elle est particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9cisive pour la HAMN, car sa confirmation conditionne la d\u00e9sescalade chirurgicale (abandon de la colectomie droite). Quel bilan d&#8217;imagerie initial est recommand\u00e9 ? Une TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne avec injection de produit de contraste iod\u00e9 est le seul examen recommand\u00e9 pour le bilan (grade A). Une coloscopie compl\u00e8te est recommand\u00e9e pour exclure une seconde localisation. L&#8217;IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale est une option (grade C), utile surtout pour les tumeurs mucineuses. Y a-t-il une place pour la TEP-FDG ? Non, la 18FDG-TEP n&#8217;a aucune place dans le bilan de ces tumeurs, hormis pour caract\u00e9riser une l\u00e9sion extra-abdominale douteuse identifi\u00e9e en TDM (accord d&#8217;experts). Comment doit-on manipuler un appendice distendu \u00e9voquant un mucoc\u00e8le ? Avec une extr\u00eame pr\u00e9caution, pour \u00e9viter toute extravasation de mucus ou rupture dans la cavit\u00e9 p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale. Il faut r\u00e9aliser une cytologie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale, une exploration compl\u00e8te quadrant par quadrant, et extraire la pi\u00e8ce dans un sac d&#8217;extraction sur la ligne m\u00e9diane (accords d&#8217;experts). Dans quels cas la colectomie droite est-elle indiqu\u00e9e ? Pour les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux (quel que soit le grade, avec ou sans cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton) et le goblet cell adenocarcinoma (grade C), avec anastomose il\u00e9o-colique, curage et pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement d&#8217;au moins 12 ganglions. Elle n&#8217;est pas indiqu\u00e9e pour les tumeurs de bas grade ni pour les PMP \u00e0 mucine acellulaire ou de bas grade. Pourquoi la colectomie droite n&#8217;est-elle plus indiqu\u00e9e pour certaines HAMN ? C&#8217;est la d\u00e9sescalade phare de 2026 &hellip; Tumeurs appendiculaires(hors TNE) Lire la suite\u00a0\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-29T12:13:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"46 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940\",\"name\":\"Tumeurs appendiculaires(hors TNE) -\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-29T11:47:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-29T12:13:01+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3.jpg\",\"width\":1408,\"height\":704},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Tumeurs appendiculaires(hors TNE)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/\",\"name\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Tumeurs appendiculaires(hors TNE) -","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"nofollow"},"og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Tumeurs appendiculaires(hors TNE) -","og_description":"Tumeurs appendiculaires (hors TNE) Dr C\u00e9cile Dupont Hm-envelop Linkedin Dr Pierre durand Hm-envelop Youtube Linkedin FICHE-SYNTH\u00c8SE G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s Les tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales appendiculaires sont rares (0,9 \u00e0 1,4 % des pi\u00e8ces d&#8217;appendicectomie ; les n\u00e9oplasies neuroendocrines, trait\u00e9es \u00e0 part, en repr\u00e9sentent 95 %). Souvent asymptomatiques ou r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es par des douleurs abdominales, une masse ou une perte de poids, elles sont le plus souvent d\u00e9couvertes fortuitement sur la pi\u00e8ce op\u00e9ratoire (\u2248 2\/3 des cas). Leur enjeu majeur est le risque de pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al (PMP) en cas de tumeur mucineuse perfor\u00e9e. On note une forte association aux n\u00e9oplasies colorectales (polypes coliques dans 44 % des cas). Anatomopathologie La classification PSOGI 2016 distingue : les l\u00e9sions pr\u00e9curseurs (polypes hyperplasiques, ad\u00e9nomes dentel\u00e9s) ; les n\u00e9oplasies mucineuses de bas grade (LAMN) et de haut grade (HAMN) ; les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux (\u00b1 cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton), non mucineux (type colorectal) ; et le goblet cell adenocarcinoma (tumeur mixte \u00e0 comportement agressif). Un point cl\u00e9 de la mise \u00e0 jour 2026 : le corrigendum OMS 2021 a remplac\u00e9 la d\u00e9signation \u00ab borderline \u00bb par \u00ab in situ \u00bb ; LAMN et HAMN sont d\u00e9sormais des tumeurs malignes in situ ou invasives. La totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice doit \u00eatre analys\u00e9e, et une relecture RENAPATH est recommand\u00e9e en cas de doute. Bilan Une TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne inject\u00e9e est le seul examen recommand\u00e9 (grade A), compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par une coloscopie. L&#8217;IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale est une option (grade C), utile pour les tumeurs mucineuses. La TEP-FDG n&#8217;a pas de place. Les marqueurs (ACE, CA-125, CA-19-9) ont un apport modeste, surtout au suivi. Traitement chirurgical. Il est la base du traitement curatif. Tout appendice distendu doit \u00eatre manipul\u00e9 avec pr\u00e9caution (\u00e9viter la rupture), avec cytologie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale et extraction prot\u00e9g\u00e9e. La colectomie droite avec curage (\u2265 12 ganglions) s&#8217;impose pour les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux et le goblet cell adenocarcinoma. Nouveaut\u00e9 2026 : pour une HAMN non perfor\u00e9e et confirm\u00e9e par RENAPATH, la colectomie droite n&#8217;est plus indiqu\u00e9e (surveillance). En cas d&#8217;atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale, une chirurgie de cytor\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te (CCR) suivie de CHIP est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en centre expert. Les protocoles de CHIP recommand\u00e9s associent cisplatine et mitomycine C (90 min, 41 \u00b0C) ; alternatives : mitomycine C seule ou oxaliplatine. Une strat\u00e9gie \u00ab wait and see \u00bb est envisageable pour les tumeurs de bas grade \u00e0 envahissement minimal, surtout chez les jeunes femmes. Traitement m\u00e9dical. R\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux formes agressives, il repose sur des chimioth\u00e9rapies \u00e0 base de 5FU (FOLFOX-4), \u00b1 bevacizumab. En maladie non r\u00e9s\u00e9cable, le palbociclib est une option si mutation GNAS (premi\u00e8re cible sp\u00e9cifique identifi\u00e9e). Les donn\u00e9es sur la chimioth\u00e9rapie p\u00e9ri-op\u00e9ratoire restent discordantes. Surveillance. TDM tous les 3 \u00e0 6 mois pendant 2 ans, puis annuelle 5 ans ; IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale en centre expert pour les formes mucineuses. Toute situation complexe doit \u00eatre discut\u00e9e en RCP RENAPE. \u00c0 retenir Analyse compl\u00e8te de l&#8217;appendice, relecture RENAPATH, d\u00e9sescalade pour la HAMN non perfor\u00e9e, CCR + CHIP en centre expert pour l&#8217;atteinte p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale. FAQ Qu&#8217;en est-il des tumeurs neuroendocrines ? Les NNE repr\u00e9sentent \u00e0 elles seules environ 95 % des tumeurs d\u00e9couvertes sur pi\u00e8ce d&#8217;appendicectomie. \u00c0 quelle fr\u00e9quence ces tumeurs sont-elles d\u00e9couvertes ? Les tumeurs \u00e9pith\u00e9liales appendiculaires sont identifi\u00e9es dans 0,9 \u00e0 1,4 % des pi\u00e8ces d&#8217;appendicectomie. La mucoc\u00e8le appendiculaire est diagnostiqu\u00e9e chez 0,2 \u00e0 0,3 % des patients op\u00e9r\u00e9s. Le mode de d\u00e9couverte le plus fr\u00e9quent (environ 2\/3 des cas) reste la d\u00e9couverte fortuite sur pi\u00e8ce op\u00e9ratoire. Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;une LAMN et qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;une HAMN ? La LAMN est une n\u00e9oplasie mucineuse appendiculaire de bas grade : \u00e9pith\u00e9lium mucos\u00e9cr\u00e9tant bien diff\u00e9renci\u00e9, atypies de bas grade, extension expansive \u00ab pushing type \u00bb sans infiltration destructrice. La HAMN pr\u00e9sente la m\u00eame architecture mais avec des atypies cyto-nucl\u00e9aires de haut grade. Toutes deux peuvent, si perfor\u00e9es, \u00eatre \u00e0 l&#8217;origine d&#8217;un pseudomyxome p\u00e9riton\u00e9al. Quel est le changement majeur de terminologie apport\u00e9 par la mise \u00e0 jour 2026 ? Le corrigendum de la classification OMS 2021 a remplac\u00e9 la d\u00e9signation initiale \u00ab borderline \u00bb par \u00ab in situ \u00bb pour les LAMN et HAMN. Depuis 2022, elles sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des tumeurs malignes in situ ou invasives, et non plus comme des l\u00e9sions de potentiel incertain. Pourquoi la totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice doit-elle \u00eatre analys\u00e9e ? Parce que le diagnostic de stade pTis (et donc les d\u00e9cisions de d\u00e9sescalade) n&#8217;est fiable qu&#8217;apr\u00e8s inclusion et analyse histologique de la totalit\u00e9 de l&#8217;appendice. C&#8217;est un accord d&#8217;experts formel. L&#8217;atteinte ou l&#8217;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de la base appendiculaire doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e, l&#8217;encrage de la section proximale aidant \u00e0 cette \u00e9valuation. Quand faut-il demander une relecture RENAPATH ? Une relecture par les anatomopathologistes du groupe RENAPATH (TENpath pour les tumeurs neuroendocrines) est propos\u00e9e en cas de doute diagnostique. Elle est particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9cisive pour la HAMN, car sa confirmation conditionne la d\u00e9sescalade chirurgicale (abandon de la colectomie droite). Quel bilan d&#8217;imagerie initial est recommand\u00e9 ? Une TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne avec injection de produit de contraste iod\u00e9 est le seul examen recommand\u00e9 pour le bilan (grade A). Une coloscopie compl\u00e8te est recommand\u00e9e pour exclure une seconde localisation. L&#8217;IRM p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale est une option (grade C), utile surtout pour les tumeurs mucineuses. Y a-t-il une place pour la TEP-FDG ? Non, la 18FDG-TEP n&#8217;a aucune place dans le bilan de ces tumeurs, hormis pour caract\u00e9riser une l\u00e9sion extra-abdominale douteuse identifi\u00e9e en TDM (accord d&#8217;experts). Comment doit-on manipuler un appendice distendu \u00e9voquant un mucoc\u00e8le ? Avec une extr\u00eame pr\u00e9caution, pour \u00e9viter toute extravasation de mucus ou rupture dans la cavit\u00e9 p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale. Il faut r\u00e9aliser une cytologie p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale, une exploration compl\u00e8te quadrant par quadrant, et extraire la pi\u00e8ce dans un sac d&#8217;extraction sur la ligne m\u00e9diane (accords d&#8217;experts). Dans quels cas la colectomie droite est-elle indiqu\u00e9e ? Pour les ad\u00e9nocarcinomes mucineux (quel que soit le grade, avec ou sans cellules en bague \u00e0 chaton) et le goblet cell adenocarcinoma (grade C), avec anastomose il\u00e9o-colique, curage et pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement d&#8217;au moins 12 ganglions. Elle n&#8217;est pas indiqu\u00e9e pour les tumeurs de bas grade ni pour les PMP \u00e0 mucine acellulaire ou de bas grade. Pourquoi la colectomie droite n&#8217;est-elle plus indiqu\u00e9e pour certaines HAMN ? C&#8217;est la d\u00e9sescalade phare de 2026 &hellip; Tumeurs appendiculaires(hors TNE) Lire la suite\u00a0\u00bb","og_url":"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940","article_modified_time":"2026-07-29T12:13:01+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"46 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940","url":"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940","name":"Tumeurs appendiculaires(hors TNE) -","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3.jpg","datePublished":"2026-07-29T11:47:11+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-29T12:13:01+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Bandeau-pour-site-web-tumeurs-appendiculaires-V3.jpg","width":1408,"height":704},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/echonews.fr\/?page_id=8940#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Tumeurs appendiculaires(hors TNE)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/#website","url":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/","name":"","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8940"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8940"}],"version-history":[{"count":97,"href":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8940\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9046,"href":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8940\/revisions\/9046"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/echonews.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}